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The majority of the bacteria in our body reside in the gastrointestinal tract, known as gut microbiota, which represents a complex and delicate ecosystem. Gut microbes can reach the pancreas, stomach and colon via the bloodstream. Oral bacterial translocations can also occur. In the stomach, pancreas and colon, low microbial diversity is associated with cancer, in particular with a bad prognosis. The urogenital tract also harbors unique microbiota, distinct from the gut microbiota, which might have a role in the urinary and female\/male reproductive cancers\u2019 pathogenesis. In healthy women, the majority of bacteria reside in the vagina and cervix and unlike other mucosal sites, the vaginal microbiota exhibits low microbial diversity. Genital dysbiosis might have an active role in the development and\/or progression of gynecological malignancies through mechanisms including modulation of oestrogen metabolism. Urinary dysbiosis may influence the pathogenesis of bladder cancer and prostate cancer in males. Modulation of the microbiome via pre, pro and postbiotics, fecal or vaginal microbiota transplantation and engineering bacteria might prove useful in improving cancer treatment response and quality of life. Elucidating the complex host-microbiome interactions will result in prevention and therapeutic efficacy interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T01:39:19Z","timestamp":1661737159000},"page":"9664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The Oncobiome in Gastroenteric and Genitourinary Cancers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Domenica Lucia","family":"D\u2019Antonio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, \u201cGabriele d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti, 66013 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, \u201cGabriele d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti, 66013 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3023-7143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela","family":"Pignatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Piattelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University for Health Sciences (Unicamillus), 00131 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione Villaserena per la Ricerca, Citt\u00e0 Sant\u2019Angelo, 65013 Pescara, Italy"},{"name":"Casa di Cura Villa Serena, Citt\u00e0 Sant\u2019Angelo, 65013 Pescara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4979-887X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Curia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, \u201cGabriele d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti, 66013 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8787","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i29.8787","article-title":"Role of the normal gut microbiota","volume":"21","author":"Jandhyala","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. 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