{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:51:49Z","timestamp":1788587509679,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]],"date-time":"2022-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2021YFD2200104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD2200104"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Breeding for dwarfism is an important approach to improve lodging resistance. Here, we performed comparative analysis of the phenotype, transcriptome, and hormone contents between diploids and tetraploids of poplar 84K (Populus alba \u00d7 P. glandulosa). Compared with diploids, the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin (GA3) contents were increased, whereas the jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents were decreased in tetraploids. RNA-sequencing revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves of tetraploids were mainly involved in plant hormone pathways. Most DEGs associated with IAA and GA promotion of plant growth and development were downregulated, whereas most DEGs associated with ABA and JA promotion of plant senescence were upregulated. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated that certain transcription factors may be involved in the regulation of genes involved in plant hormone pathways. Thus, the altered expression of some genes in the plant hormone pathways may lead to a reduction in IAA and GA contents, as well as an elevation in ABA and JA contents, resulting in the dwarfing of tetraploids. The results show that polyploidization is a complex biological process affected by multiple plant hormone signals, and it provides a foundation for further exploration of the mechanism of tetraploids dwarfing in forest trees.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T03:34:56Z","timestamp":1661744096000},"page":"9762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Morphological, Transcriptome, and Hormone Analysis of Dwarfism in Tetraploids of Populus alba \u00d7 P. glandulosa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7159-5473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongyu","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5662-4694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1126\/science.264.5157.421","article-title":"Stomatal size in fossil plants: Evidence for polyploidy in majority of angiosperms","volume":"264","author":"Masterson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.01056","article-title":"Chromosome Pairing in Polyploid Grasses","volume":"11","author":"Sourdille","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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