{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T17:07:48Z","timestamp":1793725668760,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":188,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory condition involving the optic nerve. Several important typical and atypical ON variants are now recognized. Typical ON has a more favorable prognosis; it can be idiopathic or represent an early manifestation of demyelinating diseases, mostly multiple sclerosis (MS). The atypical spectrum includes entities such as antibody-driven ON associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD), chronic\/relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION), and sarcoidosis-associated ON. Appropriate and timely diagnosis is essential to rapidly decide on the appropriate treatment, maximize visual recovery, and minimize recurrences. This review paper aims at presenting the currently available state-of-the-art treatment strategies for typical and atypical ON, both in the acute phase and in the long-term. Moreover, emerging therapeutic approaches and novel steps in the direction of achieving remyelination are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T21:01:31Z","timestamp":1661806891000},"page":"9769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Treatment and Relapse Prevention of Typical and Atypical Optic Neuritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"George","family":"Saitakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Athens Eye Hospital, 166 75 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9918-1742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart K.","family":"Chwalisz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Parkman Street, Suite 835, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.77020","article-title":"Management of optic neuritis","volume":"59","author":"Menon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. 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