{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:20:06Z","timestamp":1790659206777,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NN 311 55 8840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NN 311 55 8840"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enzymatic diagnostics have practical applications in diseases of the liver, heart, pancreas, muscles, blood, and neoplastic diseases. This study aimed to compare enzyme activity to describe dairy cows\u2019 metabolism during early lactation. Based on their general health symptoms, the cows were assigned to one of three groups: acidotic, healthy and ketotic. Samples of milk, blood and rumen fluid were collected at 12 \u00b1 5 days postpartum. Ketotic cows were characterized by the highest malondialdehyde (MDA, 76.098 nM\/mL), glutathione reductase (GluRed, 109.852 U\/L), superoxide dismutase (SOD, 294.22 U\/L) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP, 71.175 U\/L) activity. In comparing ketotic and acidotic cows, MDA, GluRed, SOD and GGTP activity were higher by a factor of almost: 1.85, 1.89, 0.79 and 2.50, respectively. Acidotic cows were characterized by the highest aspartate aminotransferase activity (AspAT, 125.914 U\/L). In comparing acidotic and ketotic cows, AspAT activity was higher by a factor of almost 1.90. The use of enzymatic markers could limit the frequency of sampling for laboratory analyses and may result in a faster diagnosis of metabolic disorders. AspAT activity in blood serum seems to be a good indicator of acidosis; GGTP may participate in the pathogenesis of ketosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T21:01:31Z","timestamp":1661806891000},"page":"9771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparison of Enzyme Activity in Order to Describe the Metabolic Profile of Dairy Cows during Early Lactation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2909-2087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamila","family":"Puppel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences, Departments of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Sl\u00f3sarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences, Departments of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Grodkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences, Departments of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7683-4998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Solarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences, Departments of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Kostusiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences, Departments of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Kunowska-Sl\u00f3sarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences, Departments of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinga","family":"Grodkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences, Departments of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Zalewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences, Departments of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Kuczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences, Departments of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0645-433X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Go\u0142\u0119biewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences, Departments of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/bse0590001","article-title":"Enzymes: Principles and biotechnological applications","volume":"59","author":"Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., and Walter, P. 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