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From twenty-two human liver samples of different fibrosis stages (F0 to F4), IL-17A, IL-22, and TGF\u03b21 protein expression in liver tissue lysates were analyzed. Ten paired samples of liver tissue (F0\u2013F1 stage) and blood from the same patient were used to analyze intrahepatic and blood T-lymphoid IL-17A+ cells by flow cytometry. The analyses have been performed regardless of pathology, considering the stage of fibrosis. Human liver tissue was used for the primary human liver slice cultures, followed by subsequent cytokine stimulation and fibrotic markers\u2019 analysis by ELISA. IL-17A production in human liver tissue was significantly higher in the early fibrotic stage compared with the advanced stage. Th17 T cells and, to a lesser extent, MAIT cells were the main sources of IL-17A in both compartments, the liver and the blood. Moreover, the presence of liver Th17IL-17A+INF\u03b3+ cells was detected in the liver. IL-17A stimulation of human liver slice culture increased the expression of profibrotic and pro-inflammatory markers. IL-17A, secreted by Th17 and MAIT cells in the liver, triggered fibrosis by inducing the expression of IL-6 and profibrotic markers and could be a target for antifibrotic treatment. Further amplitude studies are needed to confirm the current results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T21:01:31Z","timestamp":1661806891000},"page":"9773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["IL-17A in Human Liver: Significant Source of Inflammation and Trigger of Liver Fibrosis Initiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Daria","family":"Kartasheva-Ebertz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, INSERM U1223, F-75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris Cit\u00e9, F-75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesintha","family":"Gaston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, INSERM U1223, F-75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris Cit\u00e9, F-75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loriane","family":"Lair-Mehiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Addictology, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estelle","family":"Mottez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Centre de Recherche Translationnelle, F-75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tan-Phuc","family":"Buivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Centre de Recherche Translationnelle, F-75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6945-9173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre-Philippe","family":"Massault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Surgery, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Scatton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Medecine Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, F-75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastien","family":"Gaujoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Medecine Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, F-75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0563-120X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Vaillant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Medecine Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, F-75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislas","family":"Pol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, INSERM U1223, F-75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris Cit\u00e9, F-75005 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Addictology, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9156-3698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvie","family":"Lagaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, INSERM U1223, F-75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche (CDR) Saint-Antoine, INSERM\u2014UMR_S 938\/Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, F-75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691073","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.691073","article-title":"Retinoic Acid: A New Old Friend of IL-17A in the Immune Pathogeny of Liver Fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Pol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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