{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T10:40:25Z","timestamp":1772707225230,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K08556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K08556"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ofuji Endocrine Medical Award 2022","award":["21K08556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K08556"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Orexin plays a key role in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness and in feeding behavior in the central nervous system, but its receptors are expressed in various peripheral tissues including endocrine tissues. In the present study, we elucidated the effects of orexin on pituitary gonadotropin regulation by focusing on the functional involvement of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and clock genes using mouse gonadotrope L\u03b2T2 cells that express orexin type 1 (OX1R) and type 2 (OX2R) receptors. Treatments with orexin A enhanced LH\u03b2 and FSH\u03b2 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner in the absence of GnRH, whereas orexin A in turn suppressed GnRH-induced gonadotropin expression in L\u03b2T2 cells. Orexin A downregulated GnRH receptor expression, while GnRH enhanced OX1R and OX2R mRNA expression. Treatments with orexin A as well as GnRH increased the mRNA levels of Bmal1 and Clock, which are oscillational regulators for gonadotropin expression. Of note, treatments with BMP-6 and -15 enhanced OX1R and OX2R mRNA expression with upregulation of clock gene expression. On the other hand, orexin A enhanced BMP receptor signaling of Smad1\/5\/9 phosphorylation through upregulation of ALK-2\/BMPRII among the BMP receptors expressed in L\u03b2T2 cells. Collectively, the results indicate that orexin regulates gonadotropin expression via clock gene expression by mutually interacting with GnRH action and the pituitary BMP system in gonadotrope cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T21:01:31Z","timestamp":1661806891000},"page":"9782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mutual Effects of Orexin and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins on Gonadotropin Expression by Mouse Gonadotrope Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2070-3892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Soejima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nahoko","family":"Iwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nanako","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9972-791X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9571-1646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichiro","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsuhito","family":"Suyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Oguni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Nada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Fujisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7014-9095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumio","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3837","article-title":"The role of orexin in motivated behaviours","volume":"15","author":"Sakurai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. 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