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Bernard Lublin Foundation","award":["ATS#12026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ATS#12026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in DMD patients. We tested the hypothesis that DCM is caused by metabolic impairments by employing induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) generated from four DMD patients; an adult male, an adult female, a 7-year-old (7y) male and a 13-year-old (13y) male, all compared to two healthy volunteers. To test the hypothesis, we measured the bioenergetics, metabolomics, electrophysiology, mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial activity of CMs, using respirometry, LC\u2013MS, patch clamp, electron microscopy (EM) and confocal microscopy methods. We found that: (1) adult DMD CMs exhibited impaired energy metabolism and abnormal mitochondrial structure and function. (2) The 7y CMs demonstrated arrhythmia-free spontaneous firing along with \u201chealthy-like\u201d metabolic status, normal mitochondrial morphology and activity. In contrast, the 13y CMs were mildly arrhythmogenic and showed adult DMD-like bioenergetics deficiencies. (3) In DMD adult CMs, mitochondrial activities were attenuated by 45\u201348%, whereas the 7y CM activity was similar to that of healthy CMs. (4) In DMD CMs, but not in 7y CMs, there was a 75% decrease in the mitochondrial ATP production rate compared to healthy iPSC-CMs. In summary, DMD iPSC-CMs exhibit bioenergetic and metabolic impairments that are associated with rhythm disturbances corresponding to the patient\u2019s phenotype, thereby constituting novel targets for alleviating cardiomyopathy in DMD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T21:01:31Z","timestamp":1661806891000},"page":"9808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Bioenergetic and Metabolic Impairments in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Generated from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Lubna","family":"Willi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ifat","family":"Abramovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3676-7855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonatan","family":"Fernandez-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bella","family":"Agranovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Shulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Milman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5020-6283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Polina","family":"Baskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2185-5054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binyamin","family":"Eisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4393-4551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Michele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Integrative 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Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v7.i7.410","article-title":"Cardiac involvement in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy","volume":"7","author":"Mavrogeni","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. 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