{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T12:55:06Z","timestamp":1786625706587,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research of King Faisal University","award":["GRANT1163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRANT1163"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atropine (ATR) is extracted from a belladonna plant that belongs to a class of anticholinergic drugs and is therefore involved in the treatment of the overdose of cholinergic drugs or mushroom poisoning. It is a well-known blocker of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) that are expressed in various tumor cells, including breast tumors from animal and human origin, but it has yet to be recommended as an anticancer drug. Our in silico docking analysis indicates that atropine has a roust virtual binding, with a stable binding energy, to two major signaling molecules involved in EMT regulation: E-cad and ZEB-2. For both, the gene and the protein expression level results show that atropine is an effective molecule in reducing epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (EMT) and colony formation induced by TGF-B or carboplatin in both the mesenchymal-like cell line MDA-MB-231 and the epithelial-like cell line T47D. We conclude that atropine as a potential suppressor of EMT could be co-administrated with other chemotherapeutic drugs to reduce stemness in drug-resistant breast tumor cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:13:56Z","timestamp":1661904836000},"page":"9849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Atropine Is a Suppressor of Epithelial\u2013Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) That Reduces Stemness in Drug-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5289-2966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emad A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Lab of Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayyadah A.","family":"Alkuwayti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2444-5552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hairul-Islam M.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Pondicherry 605004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"French, R., and Walter, G. 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