{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T16:20:57Z","timestamp":1787674857288,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Outstanding Youth Science Fund of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2021D01E17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021D01E17"]}]},{"name":"Outstanding Youth Science Fund of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["32160465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32160465"]}]},{"name":"Outstanding Youth Science Fund of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["CCNU19TS064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCNU19TS064"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021D01E17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021D01E17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32160465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32160465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CCNU19TS064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCNU19TS064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2021D01E17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021D01E17"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["32160465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32160465"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["CCNU19TS064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCNU19TS064"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant internal modifications of mRNA, which plays important roles in gene expression regulation, and plant growth and development. Vir-like m6A methyltransferase associated (VIRMA) serves as a scaffold for bridging the catalytic core components of the m6A methyltransferase complex. The role of VIRMA in regulating leaf development and its related mechanisms have not been reported. Here, we identified and characterized two upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) VIRMA genes, named as GhVIR-A and GhVIR-D, which share 98.5% identity with each other. GhVIR-A and GhVIR-D were ubiquitously expressed in different tissues and relatively higher expressed in leaves and main stem apexes (MSA). Knocking down the expression of GhVIR genes by the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system influences leaf cell size, cell shape, and total cell numbers, thereby determining cotton leaf morphogenesis. The dot-blot assay and colorimetric experiment showed the ratio of m6A to A in mRNA is lower in leaves of GhVIR-VIGS plants compared with control plants. Messenger RNA (mRNA) high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) and a qRT-PCR experiment showed that GhVIRs regulate leaf development through influencing expression of some transcription factor genes, tubulin genes, and chloroplast genes including photosystem, carbon fixation, and ribosome assembly. Chloroplast structure, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic efficiency were changed and unsuitable for leaf growth and development in GhVIR-VIGS plants compared with control plants. Taken together, our results demonstrate GhVIRs function in cotton leaf development by chloroplast dependent and independent pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T01:50:51Z","timestamp":1661997051000},"page":"9887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) VIRMA as an N6-Methyladenosine RNA Methylation Regulator Participates in Controlling Chloroplast-Dependent and Independent Leaf Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigara","family":"Abuduwaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumuqi 830054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gengqing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumuqi 830054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3785","article-title":"The dynamic epitranscriptome: N6-methyladenosine and gene expression control","volume":"15","author":"Meyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. 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