{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T01:17:35Z","timestamp":1778548655800,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001870","name":"Foundation for Polish Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POIR.04.04.00-00-16D7\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIR.04.04.00-00-16D7\/18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["POIR.04.04.00-00-16D7\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIR.04.04.00-00-16D7\/18"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["POIR.04.04.00-00-16D7\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIR.04.04.00-00-16D7\/18"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Composites based on polylactide (PLA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) were prepared using a thermally induced phase separation method. In the experimental design, the PLA with low weight-average molar mass (Mw) and high Mw were tested with the inclusion of HA synthesized as whiskers or hexagonal rods. In addition, the structure of HA whiskers was doped with Zn, whereas hexagonal rods were mixed with Sr salt. The composites were sterilized and then incubated in phosphate-buffered saline for 12 weeks at 37 \u00b0C, followed by characterization of pore size distribution, molecular properties, density and mechanical strength. Results showed a substantial reduction of PLA Mw for both polymers due to the preparation of composites, their sterilization and incubation. The distribution of pore size effectively increased after the degradation process, whereas the sterilization, furthermore, had an impact on pore size distribution depending on HA added. The inclusion of HA reduced to some extent the degradation of PLA quantitatively in the weight loss in vitro compared to the control without HA. All produced materials showed no cytotoxicity when validated against L929 mouse skin fibroblasts and hFOB 1.19 human osteoblasts. The lack of cytotoxicity was accompanied by the immunocompatibility with human monocytic cells that were able to detect pyrogenic contaminants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T22:53:46Z","timestamp":1663023226000},"page":"10454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of Sterilization and Hydrolytic Degradation on the Structure, Morphology and Compressive Strength of Polylactide-Hydroxyapatite Composites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Miros\u0142aw","family":"Kasprzak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials Research Group, \u0141ukasiewicz Research Network\u2013Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Center of Ceramic and Concrete in Warsaw, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Szab\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials Research Group, \u0141ukasiewicz Research Network\u2013Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Center of Ceramic and Concrete in Warsaw, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Kurzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials Research Group, \u0141ukasiewicz Research Network\u2013Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Center of Ceramic and Concrete in Warsaw, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1525-3401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Tymowicz-Grzyb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials Research Group, \u0141ukasiewicz Research Network\u2013Institute of 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Group, \u0141ukasiewicz Research Network\u2013Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Center of Ceramic and Concrete in Warsaw, Cementowa 8, 31-983 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4935-2627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Plichta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 02-677 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Wieci\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 02-677 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7698-4710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Rusek-Wala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Banacha 12\/16, 90-237 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"},{"name":"Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Banacha 12\/16, 90-237 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1303-4608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Krupa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Banacha 12\/16, 90-237 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6623-3494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"P\u0142oci\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, 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