{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T07:57:04Z","timestamp":1771833424033,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Center, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-2015\/17\/D\/NZ5\/03446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2015\/17\/D\/NZ5\/03446"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Center, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-2016\/22\/E\/NZ4\/00650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2016\/22\/E\/NZ4\/00650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>New blood vessel formation is a key component of the cardiac repair process after myocardial infarction (MI). Hypoxia following MI is a major driver of angiogenesis in the myocardium. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1\u03b1 (HIF1\u03b1) is the key regulator of proangiogenic signaling. The present study found that stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) significantly contributed to the induction of angiogenesis in the hypoxic myocardium independently of HIF1\u03b1 expression. The pharmacological inhibition of SCD activity in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and SCD knockout in an animal model disturbed the expression and secretion of proangiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor-A, proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1\u03b2, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and Rantes), metalloproteinase-9, and platelet-derived growth factor in ischemic cardiomyocytes. These disturbances affected the proangiogenic potential of ischemic cardiomyocytes after SCD depletion. Together with the most abundant SCD1 isoform, the heart-specific SCD4 isoform emerged as an important regulator of new blood vessel formation in the murine post-MI myocardium. We also provide evidence that SCD shapes energy metabolism of the ischemic heart by maintaining the shift from fatty acids to glucose as the substrate that is used for adenosine triphosphate production. Furthermore, we propose that the regulation of the proangiogenic properties of hypoxic cardiomyocytes by key modulators of metabolic signaling such as adenosine monophosphate kinase, protein kinase B (AKT), and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 coactivator 1\u03b1\/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b1 depends on SCD to some extent. Thus, our results reveal a novel mechanism that links SCD to cardiac repair processes after MI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T22:53:46Z","timestamp":1663023226000},"page":"10459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Regulates Angiogenesis and Energy Metabolism in Ischemic Cardiomyocytes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ana-Maria","family":"Gan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1340-6379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzanna","family":"Tracz-Gaszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7947-5660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Ellert-Miklaszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viktor O.","family":"Navrulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9784-9550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James M.","family":"Ntambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawel","family":"Dobrzyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2018.04.005","article-title":"Fatty acids prevent hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 signaling through decreased succinate in diabetes","volume":"3","author":"Dodd","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.06.127","article-title":"Differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor isoforms and receptor subtypes in the infarcted heart","volume":"167","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647785","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.647785","article-title":"Post-ischemic myocardial inflammatory response: A complex and dynamic process susceptible to immunomodulatory therapies","volume":"8","author":"Pluijmert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00413-3","article-title":"Cardiac cytokine expression is upregulated in the acute phase after myocardial infarction. Experimental studies in rats","volume":"55","author":"Deten","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H149","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00370.2004","article-title":"Accelerated LV remodeling after myocardial infarction in TIMP-1-deficient mice: Effects of exogenous MMP inhibition","volume":"288","author":"Ikonomidis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)01005-5","article-title":"Redox signaling in vascular angiogenesis","volume":"33","author":"Maulik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000046227.65158.F8","article-title":"Novel role of gp91(phox)-containing NAD(P)H oxidase in vascular endothelial growth factor-induced signaling and angiogenesis","volume":"91","author":"Tang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.8.2460","article-title":"Therapeutic roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists","volume":"54","author":"Staels","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2012-0412","article-title":"Delayed cardioprotective effects of WY-14643 are associated with inhibition of MMP-2 and modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins through PPAR-\u03b1 activation in rat hearts subjected to global ischaemia-reperfusion","volume":"91","author":"Barlaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2014.03.019","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b1 overexpression leads to irreversible damage in ischemic murine heart","volume":"102","author":"Duerr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2009.01.003","article-title":"Regulation of angiogenesis by oxygen and metabolism","volume":"16","author":"Fraisl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06613","article-title":"HIF-independent regulation of VEGF and angiogenesis by the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha","volume":"451","author":"Arany","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.08.039","article-title":"Basic and therapeutic aspects of angiogenesis","volume":"146","author":"Potente","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E357","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00471.2007","article-title":"Loss of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 inhibits fatty acid oxidation and increases glucose utilization in the heart","volume":"294","author":"Dobrzyn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M003780","article-title":"Loss of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 rescues cardiac function in obese leptin-deficient mice","volume":"51","author":"Dobrzyn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2016.10.005","article-title":"Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deficiency reduces lipid accumulation in the heart by activating lipolysis independently of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b1","volume":"1861","author":"Bednarski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33904","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M304724200","article-title":"Identification and characterization of murine SCD4, a novel heart-specific stearoyl-CoA desaturase isoform regulated by leptin and dietary factors","volume":"278","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13997","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13997","article-title":"Saturated palmitic acid induces myocardial inflammatory injuries through direct binding to TLR4 accessory protein MD2","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15002","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.804005","article-title":"Palmitic acid dysregulates the Hippo-YAP pathway and inhibits angiogenesis by inducing mitochondrial damage and activating the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS-STING-IRF3 signaling mechanism","volume":"292","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2011.06.023","article-title":"Platelet-derived growth factor involvement in myocardial remodeling following infarction","volume":"51","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25878","article-title":"Controlled delivery of PDGF-BB for myocardial protection using injectable self-assembling peptide nanofibers","volume":"116","author":"Hsieh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvm102","article-title":"Endothelial sprouting and angiogenesis: Matrix metalloproteinases in the lead","volume":"78","author":"Koolwijk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2018.08.003","article-title":"Impact of nutrition on cardiovascular function","volume":"45","author":"Bianchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201500094R","article-title":"On the pivotal role of PPAR\u03b1 in adaptation of the heart to hypoxia and why fat in the diet increases hypoxic injury","volume":"30","author":"Cole","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-011-9889-8","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPAR\u03b1) and PPAR gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1\u03b1) regulation of cardiac metabolism in diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Duncan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.05.019","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and PPAR gamma coactivator (PGC-1alpha) induce carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA (CPT-1A) via independent gene elements","volume":"325","author":"Song","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braile, M., Marcella, S., Cristinziano, L., Galdiero, M.R., Modestino, L., Ferrara, A.L., Varricchi, G., Marone, G., and Loffredo, S. (2020). VEGF-A in cardiomyocytes and heart diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155294"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6718","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.4307","article-title":"Astragalosides promote angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in a rat model of myocardial infarction","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.9969","article-title":"Pulsatile stretch stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion by cultured rat cardiac myocytes","volume":"254","author":"Seko","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18861","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140918861","article-title":"Oleic acid increases synthesis and secretion of VEGF in rat vascular smooth muscle cells: Role of oxidative stress and impairment in obesity","volume":"14","author":"Doronzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24013","article-title":"Unsaturated fatty acids induce mesenchymal stem cells to increase secretion of angiogenic mediators","volume":"227","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-08-3178","article-title":"Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced angiogenesis is mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor-A","volume":"105","author":"Hong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387842","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/387842","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines increase vascular endothelial growth factor expression in alveolar epithelial cells","volume":"2015","author":"Maloney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2715","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.129","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1-induced LRG1 promotes angiogenesis and mesenchymal stem cell migration in the subchondral bone during osteoarthritis","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei308","article-title":"Combined inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor, but not inhibition of VEGF alone, effectively suppresses angiogenesis and vessel maturation in endometriotic lesions","volume":"21","author":"Laschke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mongiat, M., Andreuzzi, E., Tarticchio, G., and Paulitti, A. (2016). Extracellular matrix, a hard player in angiogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17111822"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"5597","article-title":"Aspirin suppresses TNF-\u03b1-induced MMP-9 expression via NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling pathways in RAW264.7 cells","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wali, J.A., Jarzebska, N., Raubenheimer, D., Simpson, S.J., Rodionov, R.N., and O\u2019Sullivan, J.F. (2020). Cardio-metabolic effects of high-fat diets and their underlying mechanisms\u2014A narrative review. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051505"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8875729","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8875729","article-title":"Quercetin reverses cardiac systolic dysfunction in mice fed with a high-fat diet: Role of angiogenesis","volume":"2021","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-016-1856-z","article-title":"The effect of chronic exposure to high palmitic acid concentrations on the aerobic metabolism of human endothelial EA.hy926 cells","volume":"468","author":"Broniarek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10823","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-0783","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species regulate angiogenesis and tumor growth through vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"67","author":"Xia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joseph, L.I., Barca, E., Subramanyam, P., Komrowski, M., Pajvani, U., Colecraft, H.M., Hirano, M., and Morrow, J.P. (2016). Inhibition of NAPDH oxidase 2 (NOX2) prevents oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities caused by saturated fat in cardiomyocytes. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145750"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"1483","article-title":"Regulation of NADPH oxidase (Nox2) by lipid rafts in breast carcinoma cells","volume":"37","author":"Malla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.27003","article-title":"Critical role of SCD1 in autophagy regulation via lipogenesis and lipid rafts-coupled AKT-FOXO1 signaling pathway","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.306842","article-title":"Lipid use and misuse by the heart","volume":"118","author":"Schulze","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.02.003","article-title":"The G(0)\/G(1) switch gene 2 regulates adipose lipolysis through association with adipose triglyceride lipase","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00244-16","article-title":"AMPK phosphorylates desnutrin\/ATGL and hormone-sensitive lipase to regulate lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation within adipose tissue","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Sun, R., Zou, J., Ying, Y., and Luo, Z. (2019). Dual roles of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in angiogenesis. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8070752"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5654-07.2008","article-title":"Transient hypoxia stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis in brain subcortex by a neuronal nitric oxide synthase-dependent mechanism","volume":"28","author":"Gutsaeva","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3393","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-021-04167-5","article-title":"Modulation of SCD1 activity in hepatocyte cell lines: Evaluation of genomic stability and proliferation","volume":"476","author":"Forti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tracz-Gaszewska, Z., and Dobrzyn, P. (2019). Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11070948"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22528","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M201462200","article-title":"Transcriptional effects of chronic Akt activation in the heart","volume":"277","author":"Cook","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.9.2260","article-title":"Targeted disruption of stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 gene in mice causes atrophy of sebaceous and meibomian glands and depletion of wax esters in the eyelid","volume":"131","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M078469","article-title":"UCP1 deficiency increases adipose tissue monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis and trafficking to the liver","volume":"59","author":"Bond","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.2979","article-title":"HL-1 cells: A cardiac muscle cell line that contracts and retains phenotypic characteristics of the adult cardiomyocyte","volume":"95","author":"Claycomb","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1066","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00388.2010","article-title":"Loss of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity leads to free cholesterol synthesis through increased Xbp-1 splicing","volume":"299","author":"Paton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18832","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1309469110","article-title":"Monounsaturated fatty acids generated via stearoyl CoA desaturase-1 are endogenous inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase","volume":"110","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11568","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67289-8","article-title":"Angiogenesis analyzer for ImageJ\u2014A comparative morphometric analysis of \u201cEndothelial Tube Formation Assay\u201d and \u201cFibrin Bead Assay\u201d","volume":"10","author":"Carpentier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2011.435","article-title":"Use of the mouse aortic ring assay to study angiogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Baker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1139\/y59-099","article-title":"A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification","volume":"37","author":"Bligh","year":"1959","journal-title":"Can. J. Biochem. Physiol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/18\/10459\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:28:31Z","timestamp":1760142511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/18\/10459"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms231810459"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms231810459","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]}}}