{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:14:17Z","timestamp":1788520457281,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NRF of Korea","award":["2017R1A2B2010948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1A2B2010948"]}]},{"name":"NRF of Korea","award":["2017R1A6A3A11032576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1A6A3A11032576"]}]},{"name":"NRF of Korea","award":["2020R1C1C1009334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1C1C1009334"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are exceptionally high in IBD lesions, are known to cause abnormal immune responses to inflammatory reactions in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) through damage to the intestinal mucosal linings. Moreover, they are theorized to be an agent of IBD development. Vitamin C is widely known to be an effective antioxidant for its ability to regulate inflammatory responses through its ROS scavenging effect. Therefore, we examined vitamin C\u2019s influence on the development and progression of IBD in Gulo(\u2212\/\u2212) mice, which cannot synthesize vitamin C like humans due to a defect in the expression of L-gulono-\u03b3\u2013lactone oxidase, an essential enzyme for vitamin C production. First, we found extensive oxidative stress and an inflammation increase in the colon of vitamin C-insufficient Gulo(\u2212\/\u2212) mice. We also found decreased IL-22 production and NKp46(+) cell recruitment and the impaired activation of the p38MAPK pathway. Additionally, comparing vitamin C-insufficient Gulo(\u2212\/\u2212) mice to vitamin C-sufficient Gulo(\u2212\/\u2212) mice and wild-type mice, the insufficient group faced a decrease in mucin-1 expression, accompanied by an increase in IL-6 production, followed by the activation of the STAT3 and Akt pathways. The results suggest that vitamin C insufficiency induces severe colitis, meaning vitamin C could also take on a preventative role by regulating the production of cytokines and the induction of inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T21:06:52Z","timestamp":1663103212000},"page":"10612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Preventive Effect of Vitamin C on Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Colitis via the Regulation of IL-22 and IL-6 Production in Gulo(\u2212\/\u2212) Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Hyejung","family":"Jo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dahae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6448-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheolhyeon","family":"Go","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoojin","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naghyung","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhyun","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmin","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1584-0160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Pil","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yejin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Medical Research Center, Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7675-9134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Seung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Medical Research Center, Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Artificial Intelligence Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.03.013","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease: An update on the fundamental biology and clinical man-agement","volume":"140","author":"Blumberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.02158.x","article-title":"An update on the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia","volume":"103","author":"Thia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Off. 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