{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:19:33Z","timestamp":1780582773038,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a severe manifestation of peripheral artery disease characterized by ischemic pain, which is frequently associated with diabetes and non-healing lesions to inferior limbs. The clinical management of diabetic patients with CLI typically includes percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) to restore limb circulation and surgical treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). However, even after successful treatment, CLI patients are prone to post-procedure complications, which may lead to unplanned revascularization or foot surgery. Unfortunately, the factors predicting adverse events in treated CLI patients are only partially known. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers that predict the disease course in diabetic patients with CLI. For this purpose, we measured the circulating levels of a panel of 23 molecules related to inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, and thrombophilia in 92 patients with CLI and DFU requiring PTA and foot surgery. We investigated whether these putative biomarkers were associated with the following clinical endpoints: (1) healing of the treated DFUs; (2) need for new revascularization of the limb; (3) appearance of new lesions or relapses after successful healing. We found that sICAM-1 and endothelin-1 are inversely associated with DFU healing and that PAI-1 and endothelin-1 are associated with the need for new revascularization. Moreover, we found that the levels of thrombomodulin and sCD40L are associated with new lesions or recurrence, and we show that the levels of these biomarkers could be used in a decision tree to assign patients to clusters with different risks of developing new lesions or recurrences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T21:06:52Z","timestamp":1663103212000},"page":"10641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Circulating Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Diabetic Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Vieceli Dalla Sega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3326-7663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Cimaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3154-9269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Manfrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Fortini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8738-1114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Marracino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Bernucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Ospedale M. Bufalini, 47521 Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1901-0703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graziella","family":"Pompei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Scala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Trichilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"De Carolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Dalla Paola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2046-9175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7174-9674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5150-188X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j5842","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j5842","article-title":"Peripheral artery disease","volume":"360","author":"Morley","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.314595","article-title":"Epidemiology and Risk of Amputation in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Peripheral Artery Disease","volume":"40","author":"Barnes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arter. 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