{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:20:26Z","timestamp":1777522826235,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation","award":["MOH-000019 (MOH-StaR17Nov-0001)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOH-000019 (MOH-StaR17Nov-0001)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 lineages able to escape antibodies elicited by infection or vaccination based on the Spike protein of the Wuhan isolates has reduced the ability of Spike-specific antibodies to protect previously infected or vaccinated individuals from infection. Therefore, the role played by T cells in the containment of viral replication and spread after infection has taken a more central stage. In this brief review, we will discuss the role played by T cells in the protection from COVID-19, with a particular emphasis on the kinetics of the T cell response and its localization at the site of primary infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T20:50:45Z","timestamp":1663188645000},"page":"10679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Act Early and at the Right Location: SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Kinetics and Tissue Localization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2942-0485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Bertoletti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Le Bert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony T.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04385-3","article-title":"Omicron Escapes the Majority of Existing SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies","volume":"602","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2119270","article-title":"Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine against Omicron Variant in South Africa","volume":"386","author":"Collie","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. 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