{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T23:38:50Z","timestamp":1788565130592,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81827901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81827901"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with an impairment of movement execution that is related to age and genetic and environmental factors. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a neurotoxin widely used to induce PD models, but the effect of MPTP on the cells and genes of PD has not been fully elucidated. By single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we uncovered the PD-specific cells and revealed the changes in their cellular states, including astrocytosis and endothelial cells\u2019 absence, as well as a cluster of medium spiny neuron cells unique to PD. Furthermore, trajectory analysis of astrocyte and endothelial cell populations predicted candidate target gene sets that might be associated with PD. Notably, the detailed regulatory roles of astrocyte-specific transcription factors Dbx2 and Sox13 in PD were revealed in our work. Finally, we characterized the cell\u2013cell communications of PD-specific cells and found that the overall communication strength was enhanced in PD compared with a matched control, especially the signaling pathways of NRXN and NEGR. Our work provides an overview of the changes in cellular states of the MPTP-induced mouse brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T22:11:10Z","timestamp":1663279870000},"page":"10774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Defining Specific Cell States of MPTP-Induced Parkinson\u2019s Disease by Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yunxia","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5570-6145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiqiang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1708-1949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinyu","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangzhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0678-5219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangwei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00170","article-title":"Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Their Impact on Quality of Life in a Cohort of Moroccan Patients","volume":"9","author":"Tibar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. 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