{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T07:40:50Z","timestamp":1787902850790,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C2012883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C2012883"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","award":["2020-A019-0280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-A019-0280"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","award":["NRF2021M3H1A104892211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF2021M3H1A104892211"]}]},{"name":"Konkuk University Researcher","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C2012883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C2012883"]}]},{"name":"Konkuk University Researcher","award":["2020-A019-0280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-A019-0280"]}]},{"name":"Konkuk University Researcher","award":["NRF2021M3H1A104892211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF2021M3H1A104892211"]}]},{"name":"Korean government (MSIT)","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C2012883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C2012883"]}]},{"name":"Korean government (MSIT)","award":["2020-A019-0280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-A019-0280"]}]},{"name":"Korean government (MSIT)","award":["NRF2021M3H1A104892211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF2021M3H1A104892211"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quantum dots (QDs) have outstanding optical properties such as strong fluorescence, excellent photostability, broad absorption spectra, and narrow emission bands, which make them useful for bioimaging. However, cadmium (Cd)-based QDs, which have been widely studied, have potential toxicity problems. Cd-free QDs have also been studied, but their weak photoluminescence (PL) intensity makes their practical use in bioimaging challenging. In this study, Cd-free QD nanoprobes for bioimaging were fabricated by densely embedding multiple indium phosphide\/zinc sulfide (InP\/ZnS) QDs onto silica templates and coating them with a silica shell. The fabricated silica-coated InP\/ZnS QD-embedded silica nanoparticles (SiO2@InP QDs@SiO2 NPs) exhibited hydrophilic properties because of the surface silica shell. The quantum yield (QY), maximum emission peak wavelength, and full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of the final fabricated SiO2@InP QDs@SiO2 NPs were 6.61%, 527.01 nm, and 44.62 nm, respectively. Moreover, the brightness of the particles could be easily controlled by adjusting the amount of InP\/ZnS QDs in the SiO2@InP QDs@SiO2 NPs. When SiO2@InP QDs@SiO2 NPs were administered to tumor syngeneic mice, the fluorescence signal was prominently detected in the tumor because of the preferential distribution of the SiO2@InP QDs@SiO2 NPs, demonstrating their applicability in bioimaging with NPs. Thus, SiO2@InP QDs@SiO2 NPs have the potential to successfully replace Cd-based QDs as highly bright and biocompatible fluorescent nanoprobes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T21:47:27Z","timestamp":1663624047000},"page":"10977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Highly Bright Silica-Coated InP\/ZnS Quantum Dot-Embedded Silica Nanoparticles as Biocompatible Nanoprobes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Kyeong-Min","family":"Ham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sungje","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5150-4810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaehi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wooyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3919-037X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heung Su","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Company of Global Zeus, Hwaseong 18363, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaehyun","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"},{"name":"Company of BioSquare, Hwaseong 18449, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hobeom","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Company of BioSquare, Hwaseong 18449, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Company of BioSquare, Hwaseong 18449, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8507-089X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung-Mo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"},{"name":"AI-Superconvergence KIURI Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won-Yeop","family":"Rho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of International Engineering and Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8629-8842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Hun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat University, Daejeon 34158, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-min","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6545-8387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6556-7946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bong-Hyun","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5385.2013","article-title":"Semiconductor nanocrystals as fluorescent biological labels","volume":"281","author":"Bruchez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5385.2016","article-title":"Quantum dot bioconjugates for ultrasensitive nonisotopic detection","volume":"281","author":"Chan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-1669(02)00282-3","article-title":"Luminescent quantum dots for multiplexed biological detection and imaging","volume":"13","author":"Chan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9463","DOI":"10.1021\/jp971091y","article-title":"(CdSe) ZnS core\u2013shell quantum dots: Synthesis and characterization of a size series of highly luminescent nanocrystallites","volume":"101","author":"Dabbousi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15353500200302163","DOI":"10.1162\/15353500200302163","article-title":"Selection of quantum dot wavelengths for biomedical assays and imaging","volume":"2","author":"Lim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17014","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2017.14","article-title":"Towards clinically translatable in vivo nanodiagnostics","volume":"2","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarrahi, R., Movafeghi, A., Khataee, A., Rezanejad, F., and Gohari, G. (2019). Evaluating the toxic impacts of cadmium selenide nanoparticles on the aquatic plant Lemna minor. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24030410"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2011.08.001","article-title":"Cellular toxicity of inorganic nanoparticles: Common aspects and guidelines for improved nanotoxicity evaluation","volume":"6","author":"Soenen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1021\/ar300040z","article-title":"Are quantum dots toxic? Exploring the discrepancy between cell culture and animal studies","volume":"46","author":"Tsoi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1039\/C2NR33024E","article-title":"InP\/ZnS as a safer alternative to CdSe\/ZnS core\/shell quantum dots: In vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment","volume":"5","author":"Brunetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2013.871762","article-title":"Toxicity of quantum dots on respiratory system","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5897","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CS00285K","article-title":"A sustainable future for photonic colloidal nanocrystals","volume":"44","author":"Grim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00018730010006608","article-title":"Semiconductor quantum dots and related systems: Electronic, optical, luminescence and related properties of low dimensional systems","volume":"50","author":"Yoffe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv. Phys."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002454","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202002454","article-title":"InP quantum dots: Synthesis and lighting applications","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"084706","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2004901","article-title":"The effect of nanocrystal surface structure on the luminescence properties: Photoemission study of HF-etched InP nanocrystals","volume":"123","author":"Adam","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10731","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00116","article-title":"Synthesis of semiconductor nanocrystals, focusing on nontoxic and earth-abundant materials","volume":"116","author":"Reiss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1002\/1439-7641(20010518)2:5<331::AID-CPHC331>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Strongly luminescent InP\/ZnS core\u2013shell nanoparticles","volume":"2","author":"Haubold","year":"2001","journal-title":"ChemPhysChem"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15432","DOI":"10.1021\/ja076363h","article-title":"Colloidal InP nanocrystals as efficient emitters covering blue to near-infrared","volume":"129","author":"Xie","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.1039\/b803263g","article-title":"Rapid synthesis of highly luminescent InP and InP\/ZnS nanocrystals","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2014.02.007","article-title":"Solution-based synthesis of III\u2013V quantum dots and their applications in gas sensing and bio-imaging","volume":"9","author":"Fan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1021\/nn8008933","article-title":"Imaging pancreatic cancer using bioconjugated InP quantum dots","volume":"3","author":"Yong","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18951","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NJ02465K","article-title":"Preparation and biomedical applications of bright robust silica nanocapsules with multiple incorporated InP\/ZnS quantum dots","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6503","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.1c00304","article-title":"Sensitive Immunoassay based on biocompatible and robust silica-coated Cd-free InP-based quantum dots","volume":"60","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25526","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA04830D","article-title":"Photoluminescence color stability of green-emitting InP\/ZnS core\/shell quantum dots embedded in silica prepared via hydrophobic routes","volume":"8","author":"Watanabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TB02643A","article-title":"In vivo tumor active cancer targeting and CT-fluorescence dual-modal imaging with nanoprobe based on gold nanorods and InP\/ZnS quantum dots","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2006.05.026","article-title":"Nanoparticles for bioimaging","volume":"123","author":"Sharma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13924","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.8b02402","article-title":"Synthesis and degradation of cadmium-free InP and InPZn\/ZnS quantum dots in solution","volume":"34","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-01227-2","article-title":"High-quantum yield alloy-typed core\/shell CdSeZnS\/ZnS quantum dots for bio-applications","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pham, X.-H., Park, S.-M., Ham, K.-M., Kyeong, S., Son, B.S., Kim, J., Hahm, E., Kim, Y.-H., Bock, S., and Kim, W. (2021). Synthesis and application of silica-coated quantum dots in biomedicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221810116"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705380","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201705380","article-title":"Brilliant pitaya-type silica colloids with central\u2013radial and high-density quantum dots incorporation for ultrasensitive fluorescence immunoassays","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12609","DOI":"10.1021\/am403942y","article-title":"Novel hybrid structure silica\/CdTe\/molecularly imprinted polymer: Synthesis, specific recognition, and quantitative fluorescence detection of bovine hemoglobin","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/bkcs.11629","article-title":"Fabrication of Remarkably Bright QD Densely-Embedded Silica Nanoparticle","volume":"40","author":"Ha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull. Korean Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201102930","article-title":"Ultrasensitive, Biocompatible, Quantum-Dot-Embedded Silica Nanoparticles for Bioimaging","volume":"22","author":"Jun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, H.-M., Oh, C., An, J., Baek, S., Bock, S., Kim, J., Jung, H.-S., Song, H., Kim, J.-W., and Jo, A. (2021). Multi-quantum dots-embedded silica-encapsulated nanoparticle-based lateral flow assay for highly sensitive exosome detection. Nanomaterials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11030768"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bock, S., Kim, H.-M., Kim, J., An, J., Choi, Y.-S., Pham, X.-H., Jo, A., Ham, K.-M., Song, H., and Kim, J.-W. (2021). Lateral Flow Immunoassay with Quantum-Dot-Embedded Silica Nanoparticles for Prostate-Specific Antigen Detection. Nanomaterials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12010033"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2020.07.030","article-title":"Sensitive detection of virus with broad dynamic range based on highly bright quantum dot-embedded nanoprobe and magnetic beads","volume":"90","author":"Jo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1039\/b900319c","article-title":"CdTe quantum dot functionalized silica nanosphere labels for ultrasensitive detection of biomarker","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2896","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cc48405j","article-title":"A brilliant sandwich type fluorescent nanostructure incorporating a compact quantum dot layer and versatile silica substrates","volume":"50","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.12.068","article-title":"Robust synthesis of bright multiple quantum dot-embedded nanobeads and its application to quantitative immunoassay","volume":"361","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2017.09.035","article-title":"Fluorescent ligand fishing combination with in-situ imaging and characterizing to screen Hsp 90 inhibitors from Curcuma longa L. based on InP\/ZnS quantum dots embedded mesoporous nanoparticles","volume":"178","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"016005","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0062001JSS","article-title":"Critical Review\u2014Photostable Fluorescent Cd-Free Quantum Dots Transparently Embedded in Monolithic Silica","volume":"9","author":"Iso","year":"2019","journal-title":"ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2018.05.034","article-title":"Screening and identification of ligand-protein interactions using functionalized heat shock protein 90-fluorescent mesoporous silica-indium phosphide\/zinc sulfide quantum dot nanocomposites","volume":"1562","author":"Miao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2019.01.098","article-title":"Wrapped stellate silica nanocomposites as biocompatible luminescent nanoplatforms assessed in vivo","volume":"542","author":"Perton","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9797(68)90272-5","article-title":"Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range","volume":"26","author":"Fink","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14652","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0368094","article-title":"Oligomeric ligands for luminescent and stable nanocrystal quantum dots","volume":"125","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2676","DOI":"10.1021\/cm000244i","article-title":"\u201cRaisin bun\u201d-type composite spheres of silica and semiconductor nanocrystals","volume":"12","author":"Rogach","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2013.10.014","article-title":"Photoluminescence of CdSe and CdSe\/ZnS quantum dots: Modifications for making the invisible visible at ensemble and single-molecule levels","volume":"263","author":"Shibu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4129","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200301758","article-title":"Semiconductor quantum dots as biological imaging agents","volume":"43","author":"Green","year":"2004","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.05.022","article-title":"Quantum dots in biomedical applications","volume":"94","author":"Wagner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5270","DOI":"10.1021\/la703431j","article-title":"Modified ligand-exchange for efficient solubilization of CdSe\/ZnS quantum dots in water: A procedure guided by computational studies","volume":"24","author":"Pong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.01.066","article-title":"Employment of enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR): Nanoparticle-based precision tools for targeting of therapeutic and diagnostic agent in cancer","volume":"98","author":"Kalyane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.4155\/tde.13.8","article-title":"EPR-effect: Utilizing size-dependent nanoparticle delivery to solid tumors","volume":"4","author":"Stylianopoulos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ther. Deliv."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901223","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201901223","article-title":"Size-dependent EPR effect of polymeric nanoparticles on tumor targeting","volume":"9","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/18\/10977\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:34:33Z","timestamp":1760142873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/18\/10977"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms231810977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms231810977","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]}}}