{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:52:48Z","timestamp":1789685568979,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"the Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320030-200530"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320030-200530"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent and slow progressing hepatic pathology characterized by different stages of increasing severity which can ultimately give rise to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Besides drastic lifestyle changes, few drugs are effective to some extent alleviate NAFLD and HCC remains a poorly curable cancer. Among the deregulated molecular mechanisms promoting NAFLD and HCC, several members of the S100 proteins family appear to play an important role in the development of hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and HCC. Specific members of this Ca2+-binding protein family are indeed significantly overexpressed in either parenchymal or non-parenchymal liver cells, where they exert pleiotropic pathological functions driving NAFLD\/NASH to severe stages and\/or cancer development. The aberrant activity of S100 specific isoforms has also been reported to drive malignancy in liver cancers. Herein, we discuss the implication of several key members of this family, e.g., S100A4, S100A6, S100A8, S100A9 and S100A11, in NAFLD and HCC, with a particular focus on their intracellular versus extracellular functions in different hepatic cell types. Their clinical relevance as non-invasive diagnostic\/prognostic biomarkers for the different stages of NAFLD and HCC, or their pharmacological targeting for therapeutic purpose, is further debated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T22:36:44Z","timestamp":1663713404000},"page":"11030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["S100 Proteins in Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Etienne","family":"Delangre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezia","family":"Oppliger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serkan","family":"Berkcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8553-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Gjorgjieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Correia de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7199-4135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelangelo","family":"Foti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0186-y","article-title":"A global view of hepatocellular carcinoma: Trends, risk, prevention and management","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.033","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\u2014A global public health perspective","volume":"70","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.052","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 2020: The State of the Disease","volume":"158","author":"Cotter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28785","article-title":"The economic and clinical burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States and Europe","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00014-X","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"2","author":"Younossi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25772","article-title":"Association between diabetes, family history of diabetes, and risk of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis","volume":"56","author":"Loomba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.09.038","article-title":"Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among a largely middle-aged population utilizing ultrasound and liver biopsy: A prospective study","volume":"140","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32511-3","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"397","author":"Powell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15080","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.80","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"1","author":"Brunt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10449","article-title":"Evolution of NAFLD and Its Management","volume":"35","author":"Mundi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30946","article-title":"The 20% Rule of NASH Progression: The Natural History of Advanced Fibrosis and Cirrhosis Caused by NASH","volume":"70","author":"Loomba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1670-9","article-title":"Somatic mutations and clonal dynamics in healthy and cirrhotic human liver","volume":"574","author":"Brunner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.08.030","article-title":"Primary malignant tumours in the non-cirrhotic liver","volume":"95","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000341","article-title":"Rates of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B and the role of surveillance: A 10-year follow-up of 673 patients","volume":"27","author":"Poh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011775","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"346","author":"Angulo","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2860-6","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of hepatic lipid accumulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"75","author":"Ipsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34275","article-title":"Contribution of de novo fatty acid synthesis to hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance: Lessons from genetically engineered mice","volume":"118","author":"Postic","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2018.10.016","article-title":"Resolving the Paradox of Hepatic Insulin Resistance","volume":"7","author":"Santoleri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00390-6","article-title":"The aetiology and molecular landscape of insulin resistance","volume":"22","author":"James","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.23256","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Association of insulin resistance and mitochondrial abnormalities","volume":"120","author":"Sanyal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2947-0","article-title":"Molecular pathways of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development and progression","volume":"76","author":"Bessone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitade, H., Chen, G., Ni, Y., and Ota, T. (2017). Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance: New Insights and Potential New Treatments. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9040387"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00381-6","article-title":"Global epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC: Trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2017.05.007","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cells as key target in liver fibrosis","volume":"121","author":"Higashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24282","article-title":"Liver fibrosis","volume":"115","author":"Bataller","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2018.09.002","article-title":"Liver fibrosis: Pathophysiology, pathogenetic targets and clinical issues","volume":"65","author":"Parola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2018.04.003","article-title":"Hepatic fibrosis: It is time to go with hepatic stellate cell-specific therapeutic targets","volume":"17","author":"Ezhilarasan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.014","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: Incidence and risk factors","volume":"127","author":"Fattovich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31288","article-title":"Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"73","author":"McGlynn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2015.04.004","article-title":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Review of Epidemiology, Screening, Imaging Diagnosis, Response Assessment, and Treatment","volume":"44","author":"Clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Diagn. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-017-0110-z","article-title":"Imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma and image guided therapies\u2014How we do it","volume":"17","author":"Willatt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4000","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i35.4000","article-title":"Changing role of histopathology in the diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"24","author":"Rastogi","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.007","article-title":"NAFLD-driven HCC: Safety and efficacy of current and emerging treatment options","volume":"76","author":"Foerster","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0058-9","article-title":"S100 proteins in rheumatic diseases","volume":"14","author":"Austermann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2020.118677","article-title":"Role of S100 proteins in health and disease","volume":"1867","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.11.019","article-title":"S100 proteins in atherosclerosis","volume":"502","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03257-4","article-title":"S100 proteins in obesity: Liaisons dangereuses","volume":"77","author":"Riuzzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allg\u00f6wer, C., Kretz, A.L., von Karstedt, S., Wittau, M., Henne-Bruns, D., and Lemke, J. (2020). Friend or Foe: S100 Proteins in Cancer. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12082037"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3893","article-title":"S100 proteins in cancer","volume":"15","author":"Bresnick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2014.1633","article-title":"S100 family signaling network and related proteins in pancreatic cancer (Review)","volume":"33","author":"Ji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.05.028","article-title":"The S100 protein family in lung cancer","volume":"520","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26257","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated mesenchymal stem cells promote hepatocarcinoma progression: Role of the S100A4-miR155-SOCS1-MMP9 axis","volume":"57","author":"Yan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2015.09.005","article-title":"A pro-tumorigenic function of S100A8\/A9 in carcinogen-induced hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"369","author":"Wiechert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23099","article-title":"S100A8 and S100A9 are novel nuclear factor kappa B target genes during malignant progression of murine and human liver carcinogenesis","volume":"50","author":"Stein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110156","article-title":"Roles of S100 family members in drug resistance in tumors: Status and prospects","volume":"127","author":"Hua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0b013e328315c690","article-title":"Serological and immunohistochemical analysis of S100 and new derivatives as markers for prognosis in patients with malignant melanoma","volume":"18","author":"Bolander","year":"2008","journal-title":"Melanoma Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.07.096","article-title":"S100 proteins in mouse and man: From evolution to function and pathology (including an update of the nomenclature)","volume":"322","author":"Marenholz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-018-0471-y","article-title":"S100 proteins as therapeutic targets","volume":"10","author":"Bresnick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biophys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9030-6_21","article-title":"Isolation and Characterization of S100 Protein-Protein Complexes","volume":"1929","author":"Kiss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep316","article-title":"Metastasis-inducing S100A4 protein is associated with the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"48","author":"Grigorian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.10296","article-title":"Intracellular and extracellular roles of S100 proteins","volume":"60","author":"Donato","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.7.2564-2576.2003","article-title":"Myeloid cell function in MRP-14 (S100A9) null mice","volume":"23","author":"Hobbs","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"69","article-title":"The multifunctional S100 protein family","volume":"172","author":"Heizmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.12861","article-title":"Multiple functions of S100A10, an important cancer promoter","volume":"69","author":"Saiki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathol. Int."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/4965","article-title":"The crystal structure of a complex of p11 with the annexin II N-terminal peptide","volume":"6","author":"Sopkova","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3841","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1220341110","article-title":"Molecular basis for manganese sequestration by calprotectin and roles in the innate immune response to invading bacterial pathogens","volume":"110","author":"Damo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444903004700","article-title":"Structure of the human S100A12-copper complex: Implications for host-parasite defence","volume":"59","author":"Moroz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(96)80167-8","article-title":"The S100 family of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins: Functions and pathology","volume":"21","author":"Heizmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-009-9061-8","article-title":"S100A11: Diverse function and pathology corresponding to different target proteins","volume":"55","author":"He","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.2174\/187152309789838975","article-title":"Anti-infective Protective Properties of S100 Calgranulins","volume":"8","author":"Hsu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antiinflamm. Antiallergy Agents Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0767-8","article-title":"AP-1 controls the p11-dependent antidepressant response","volume":"25","author":"Chottekalapanda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30174","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M805318200","article-title":"Expression of S100A6 in cardiac myocytes limits apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"283","author":"Tsoporis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2005.00857.x","article-title":"Regulation of calprotectin expression by interleukin-1alpha and transforming growth factor-beta in human gingival keratinocytes","volume":"42","author":"Hayashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Periodontal. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319019","article-title":"S100A11\/ANXA2 belongs to a tumour suppressor\/oncogene network deregulated early with steatosis and involved in inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma development","volume":"69","author":"Sobolewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, X., Xie, H., Long, X., Zhou, M., Xu, Z., Shi, B., Jiang, H., and Li, Z. (2013). EGFRvIII mediates hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion by promoting S100 calcium binding protein A11 expression. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083332"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6560","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210472","article-title":"Hypomethylation of WNT5A, CRIP1 and S100P in prostate cancer","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.091217","article-title":"S100A6 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and is epigenetically up-regulated in gastric cancer","volume":"177","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-318146","article-title":"miRNAs and NAFLD: From pathophysiology to therapy","volume":"68","author":"Gjorgjieva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.12606","article-title":"The microRNA miR-124 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by targeting S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4)","volume":"591","author":"Choe","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/07357907.2017.1415348","article-title":"MicroRNA-187 Inhibits Growth and Metastasis of Osteosarcoma by Downregulating S100A4","volume":"36","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Investig."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8556","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14048556","article-title":"MiR-590-5P inhibits growth of HepG2 cells via decrease of S100A10 expression and Inhibition of the Wnt pathway","volume":"14","author":"Shan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3498","article-title":"LINC00174 is an oncogenic lncRNA of hepatocellular carcinoma and regulates miR-320\/S100A10 axis","volume":"38","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(88)90218-6","article-title":"The S100 protein family","volume":"13","author":"Kligman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.03.001","article-title":"Summer\/winter changes in serum S100B protein concentration as a source of research variance","volume":"47","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-009-9915-x","article-title":"S100beta protein expression: Gender- and age-related daily changes","volume":"34","author":"Nogueira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.2174\/156652413804486214","article-title":"Functions of S100 proteins","volume":"13","author":"Donato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-010-9211-9","article-title":"S100A1: A multifaceted therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease","volume":"3","author":"Rohde","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.4.2209","article-title":"A null mutation in the inflammation-associated S100 protein S100A8 causes early resorption of the mouse embryo","volume":"163","author":"Passey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21395","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28748","article-title":"S100A16, a novel lipogenesis promoting factor in livers of mice and hepatocytes in vitro","volume":"234","author":"Kan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004738","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.004738","article-title":"Cardiac Overexpression of S100A6 Attenuates Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Reduces Infarct Size After Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion","volume":"6","author":"Mofid","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12990","article-title":"Calcyclin (S100A6) Attenuates Inflammatory Response and Mediates Apoptosis of Chondrocytes in Osteoarthritis via the PI3K\/AKT Pathway","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693262","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.693262","article-title":"The Calcium Binding Protein S100A11 and Its Roles in Diseases","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.035527.108","article-title":"Members of the S100 family bind p53 in two distinct ways","volume":"17","author":"Rutherford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Protein. Sci."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8675","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S225248","article-title":"S100 Calcium Binding Protein A11 (S100A11) Promotes The Proliferation, Migration And Invasion Of Cervical Cancer Cells, And Activates Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin Signaling","volume":"12","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Onco. Targets Ther."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22903","article-title":"S100A11 promotes cell proliferation via P38\/MAPK signaling pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.108.044925","article-title":"Novel interaction of the dopamine D2 receptor and the Ca2+ binding protein S100B: Role in D2 receptor function","volume":"74","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-020-09574-w","article-title":"S100A16 promotes metastasis and progression of pancreatic cancer through FGF19-mediated AKT and ERK1\/2 pathways","volume":"37","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3840","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12378","article-title":"S100A11 is involved in the regulation of the stability of cell cycle regulator p21(CIP1\/WAF1) in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells","volume":"280","author":"Foertsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2017.2","article-title":"S100A8\/A9 and S100A9 reduce acute lung injury","volume":"95","author":"Hiroshima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2021.102404","article-title":"Regulation of the tubulin polymerization-promoting protein by Ca(2+)\/S100 proteins","volume":"96","author":"Doi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgn217","article-title":"The basic C-terminal amino acids of calcium-binding protein S100A4 promote metastasis","volume":"29","author":"Ismail","year":"2008","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.10.150","article-title":"S100A6\u2014New facts and features","volume":"390","author":"Filipek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4260","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-02-0446","article-title":"MRP8 and MRP14 control microtubule reorganization during transendothelial migration of phagocytes","volume":"104","author":"Vogl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/03008200802143125","article-title":"Dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors by S100A4","volume":"49","author":"Elenjord","year":"2008","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-21-441","article-title":"Effects of S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8) and S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cells","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-01-264754","article-title":"S100A10 regulates plasminogen-dependent macrophage invasion","volume":"116","author":"Surette","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.10.012","article-title":"S100A14 regulates the invasive potential of oral squamous cell carcinoma derived cell-lines in vitro by modulating expression of matrix metalloproteinases, MMP1 and MMP9","volume":"47","author":"Sapkota","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2526-9","article-title":"S100A6 protein: Functional roles","volume":"74","author":"Donato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, Q., Chen, H., Luo, A., Ding, F., and Liu, Z. (2011). S100A14 stimulates cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis at different concentrations via receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019375"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.209486","article-title":"S100A12 mediates aortic wall remodeling and aortic aneurysm","volume":"106","author":"Wilk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3172","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-05-353482","article-title":"Regulation of fibrinolysis by S100A10 in vivo","volume":"118","author":"Surette","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3795","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4795","article-title":"S100A11 is required for efficient plasma membrane repair and survival of invasive cancer cells","volume":"5","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9030-6_28","article-title":"Analysis of S100A11 in DNA Damage Repair","volume":"1929","author":"Foertsch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01298","article-title":"S100A8\/A9 in Inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.21513","article-title":"Secretion without Golgi","volume":"103","author":"Prudovsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2016.34","article-title":"HMGB1, IL-1\u03b1, IL-33 and S100 proteins: Dual-function alarmins","volume":"14","author":"Bertheloot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80801-6","article-title":"RAGE mediates a novel proinflammatory axis: A central cell surface receptor for S100\/calgranulin polypeptides","volume":"97","author":"Hofmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-016-2349-2","article-title":"Insights into binding of S100 proteins to scavenger receptors: Class B scavenger receptor CD36 binds S100A12 with high affinity","volume":"49","author":"Tondera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Amino. Acids."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154725","article-title":"The S100 calcium-binding protein A11 promotes hepatic steatosis through RAGE-mediated AKT-mTOR signaling","volume":"117","author":"Teng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402709","article-title":"S100A8 Production in CXCR2-Expressing CD11b+Gr-1high Cells Aggravates Hepatitis in Mice Fed a High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet","volume":"196","author":"Mukai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2020.10.006","article-title":"S100A11 Promotes Liver Steatosis via FOXO1-Mediated Autophagy and Lipogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1059","article-title":"Identification of S100A16 as a novel adipogenesis promoting factor in 3T3-L1 cells","volume":"152","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3465","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-012-2413-2","article-title":"S100A16 inhibits osteogenesis but stimulates adipogenesis","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1038\/s41374-018-0067-y","article-title":"S100A4 protects mice from high-fat diet-induced obesity and inflammation","volume":"98","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., Wang, Y., Ming, Y., Song, Y., Zhang, J., Chen, X., Zeng, M., and Mao, Y. (2015). S100A9: A Potential Biomarker for the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Diagnosis of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127352"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154187","article-title":"The protein S100A4 as a novel marker of insulin resistance in prepubertal and pubertal children with obesity","volume":"105","author":"Ruperez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0018-0","article-title":"Screening of potential adipokines identifies S100A4 as a marker of pernicious adipose tissue and insulin resistance","volume":"42","author":"Arner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mortensen, O.H., Nielsen, A.R., Erikstrup, C., Plomgaard, P., Fischer, C.P., Krogh-Madsen, R., Lindegaard, B., Petersen, A.M., Taudorf, S., and Pedersen, B.K. (2009). Calprotectin--a novel marker of obesity. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007419"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0374","article-title":"Serum and urinary concentrations of calprotectin as markers of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes","volume":"167","author":"Ortega","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.2337\/db20-1054","article-title":"Differences in Biomarkers of Inflammation Between Novel Subgroups of Recent-Onset Diabetes","volume":"70","author":"Herder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28898","article-title":"TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance","volume":"116","author":"Shi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1636","article-title":"RAGE regulates the metabolic and inflammatory response to high-fat feeding in mice","volume":"63","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13238","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13238","article-title":"Aging-induced aberrant RAGE\/PPAR\u03b1 axis promotes hepatic steatosis via dysfunctional mitochondrial \u03b2 oxidation","volume":"19","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2018.59.9.1064","article-title":"S100A4 Gene is Crucial for Methionine-Choline-Deficient Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice","volume":"59","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.985523","article-title":"S100A9 differentially modifies phenotypic states of neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells: Implications for atherosclerosis and adipose tissue inflammation","volume":"123","author":"Averill","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.3.1034-1043.2003","article-title":"Loss of S100A9 (MRP14) results in reduced interleukin-8-induced CD11b surface expression, a polarized microfilament system, and diminished responsiveness to chemoattractants in vitro","volume":"23","author":"Manitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14300","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.722215","article-title":"Tranilast Blocks the Interaction between the Protein S100A11 and Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) V Domain and Inhibits Cell Proliferation","volume":"291","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22338","article-title":"Tranilast, an antifibrogenic agent, ameliorates a dietary rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"48","author":"Uno","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e422","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2017.175","article-title":"Depletion of S100A4(+) stromal cells does not prevent HCC development but reduces the stem cell-like phenotype of the tumors","volume":"50","author":"Jiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.09.012","article-title":"Hepatic PTEN deficiency improves muscle insulin sensitivity and decreases adiposity in mice","volume":"62","author":"Peyrou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.07.035","article-title":"S100A4 promotes liver fibrosis via activation of hepatic stellate cells","volume":"62","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01776","article-title":"S100A4(+) Macrophages Are Necessary for Pulmonary Fibrosis by Activating Lung Fibroblasts","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90832","article-title":"Calcium-binding protein S100A4 confers mesenchymal progenitor cell fibrogenicity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"127","author":"Xia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1159\/000489683","article-title":"Downregulation of S100A4 Alleviates Cardiac Fibrosis via Wnt\/\u03b2 -Catenin Pathway in Mice","volume":"46","author":"Qian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1017547108","article-title":"Fibroblast-specific protein 1 identifies an inflammatory subpopulation of macrophages in the liver","volume":"108","author":"Grivennikov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3220","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.1908","article-title":"RAGE mediates S100A4-induced cell motility via MAPK\/ERK and hypoxia signaling and is a prognostic biomarker for human colorectal cancer metastasis","volume":"5","author":"Dahlmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.05.030","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of recombinant human S100A6 and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products(sRAGE) on CCl(4)-induced liver fibrosis in mice","volume":"833","author":"Xia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318382","article-title":"Myeloid cells in liver and bone marrow acquire a functionally distinct inflammatory phenotype during obesity-related steatohepatitis","volume":"69","author":"Krenkel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.12.042","article-title":"Involvement of fibroblast-specific protein 1 (S100A4) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in CCl4-induced reversible liver fibrosis","volume":"579","author":"Louka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0795-5","article-title":"Higher matrix stiffness as an independent initiator triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition and facilitates HCC metastasis","volume":"12","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.9322","article-title":"Proteome analysis of rat hepatic stellate cells","volume":"32","author":"Kristensen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155271","article-title":"S100a16 deficiency prevents hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrosis via inhibiting CXCR4 expression","volume":"135","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24135","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024135","article-title":"S100 family members: Potential therapeutic target in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A STROBE study","volume":"100","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, B., Jung, S., Kim, H., Kwon, J.O., Song, M.K., Kim, M.K., Kim, H.J., and Kim, H.H. (2021). The role of S100A4 for bone metastasis in prostate cancer cells. BMC Cancer, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-07850-4"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8137378","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8137378","article-title":"Impact of S100A4 Expression on Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis in Pancreatic Cancer: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"2016","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3419","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2016.4760","article-title":"S100A4 promotes endometrial cancer progress through epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulation","volume":"35","author":"Hua","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-014-0970-z","article-title":"Abnormal expression of EMT-related proteins, S100A4, vimentin and E-cadherin, is correlated with clinicopathological features and prognosis in HCC","volume":"31","author":"Zhai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090526","article-title":"S100A4 and metastasis: A small actor playing many roles","volume":"176","author":"Boye","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725355","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2020.1725355","article-title":"S100A4 promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis by intensifying fibrosis-associated cancer cell stemness","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5953","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200500460","article-title":"Identification of metastasis candidate proteins among HCC cell lines by comparative proteome and biological function analysis of S100A4 in metastasis in vitro","volume":"6","author":"Cui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00579-3","article-title":"Exosomal S100A4 derived from highly metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cells promotes metastasis by activating STAT3","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_153","first-page":"2372","article-title":"S100A4 regulates migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells via NF-\u03baB-dependent MMP-9 signal","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02780526","article-title":"Immunohistochemical investigation of migration inhibitory factor-related protein (MRP)-14 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Arai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oura, K., Morishita, A., Tani, J., and Masaki, T. (2021). Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunosuppressive Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115801"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33371","article-title":"S100 calcium-binding protein A9 from tumor-associated macrophage enhances cancer stem cell-like properties of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"148","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2015.04.008","article-title":"S100A9 promotes human hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth and invasion through RAGE-mediated ERK1\/2 and p38 MAPK pathways","volume":"334","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2013.1796","article-title":"S100A9 promotes the proliferation and invasion of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29282","article-title":"Chronic liver inflammation and hepatocellular carcinogenesis are independent of S100A9","volume":"136","author":"Wiechert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695036","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.695036","article-title":"S100 Calcium Binding Protein A10, A Novel Oncogene, Promotes the Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bharadwaj, A.G., Dahn, M.L., Liu, R.Z., Colp, P., Thomas, L.N., Holloway, R.W., Marignani, P.A., Too, C.K., Barnes, P.J., and Godbout, R. (2020). S100A10 Has a Critical Regulatory Function in Mammary Tumor Growth and Metastasis: Insights Using MMTV-PyMT Oncomice and Clinical Patient Sample Analysis. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-57686\/v1"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4359","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14659","article-title":"Upregulation of S100A10 in metastasized breast cancer stem cells","volume":"111","author":"Yanagi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6676","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-1748","article-title":"Plasminogen receptor S100A10 is essential for the migration of tumor-promoting macrophages into tumor sites","volume":"71","author":"Phipps","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2018.09.007","article-title":"S100 Proteins in Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"20","author":"Brenner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-1130","article-title":"White adipose tissue-infiltrated CD11b+ myeloid cells are a source of S100A4, a new potential marker of hepatic damage","volume":"184","author":"Reyes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.28409","article-title":"Elevated Serum S100A9 Indicated Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Resection","volume":"10","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-020-10130-1","article-title":"S100P as a novel biomarker of microvascular invasion and portal vein tumor thrombus in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Chen, G., Zhang, P., Zhang, J., Li, X., Gan, D., Cao, X., Han, M., Du, H., and Ye, Y. (2020). The threshold of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228857"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-017-1415-1","article-title":"Current and future pharmacological therapies for NAFLD\/NASH","volume":"53","author":"Sumida","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32453-9","article-title":"Regorafenib for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who progressed on sorafenib treatment (RESORCE): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"389","author":"Bruix","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30207-1","article-title":"Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial","volume":"391","author":"Kudo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.030","article-title":"Updated efficacy and safety data from IMbrave150: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab vs. sorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"76","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30937-9","article-title":"Ramucirumab after sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and increased \u03b1-fetoprotein concentrations (REACH-2): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589680","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.589680","article-title":"Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Limits and Prospects","volume":"11","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3380583","article-title":"Three distinct anti-allergic drugs, amlexanox, cromolyn and tranilast, bind to S100A12 and S100A13 of the S100 protein family","volume":"338","author":"Shishibori","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, C.C., Chou, R.H., and Yu, C. (2016). Amlexanox Blocks the Interaction between S100A4 and Epidermal Growth Factor and Inhibits Cell Proliferation. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161663"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2002.6761","article-title":"Interaction of S100 proteins with the antiallergic drugs, olopatadine, amlexanox, and cromolyn: Identification of putative drug binding sites on S100A1 protein","volume":"292","author":"Okada","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42726","DOI":"10.1155\/MI\/2006\/42726","article-title":"Olopatadine suppresses the migration of THP-1 monocytes induced by S100A12 protein","volume":"2006","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01774","article-title":"Suppression Colitis and Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer by Anti-S100a9 Antibody in Mice","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31982","article-title":"Newly developed anti-S100A8\/A9 monoclonal antibody efficiently prevents lung tropic cancer metastasis","volume":"145","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez, J.L., Padilla, L., Dakhel, S., Coll, T., Hervas, R., Adan, J., Masa, M., Mitjans, F., Martinez, J.M., and Coma, S. (2013). Therapeutic targeting of tumor growth and angiogenesis with a novel anti-S100A4 monoclonal antibody. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072480"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e92","DOI":"10.1038\/oncsis.2014.7","article-title":"S100P antibody-mediated therapy as a new promising strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer","volume":"3","author":"Dakhel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/19\/11030\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:35:49Z","timestamp":1760142949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/19\/11030"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"references-count":182,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms231911030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms231911030","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]}}}