{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T07:08:34Z","timestamp":1762067314712,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Institute of Health Carlos III (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CPII018\/00002","PI17\/00931","PI20\/00405","APOTI\/2020\/013","PI\/00009","ACIF\/2019\/262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII018\/00002","PI17\/00931","PI20\/00405","APOTI\/2020\/013","PI\/00009","ACIF\/2019\/262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["CPII018\/00002","PI17\/00931","PI20\/00405","APOTI\/2020\/013","PI\/00009","ACIF\/2019\/262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII018\/00002","PI17\/00931","PI20\/00405","APOTI\/2020\/013","PI\/00009","ACIF\/2019\/262"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CPII018\/00002","PI17\/00931","PI20\/00405","APOTI\/2020\/013","PI\/00009","ACIF\/2019\/262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII018\/00002","PI17\/00931","PI20\/00405","APOTI\/2020\/013","PI\/00009","ACIF\/2019\/262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CPII018\/00002","PI17\/00931","PI20\/00405","APOTI\/2020\/013","PI\/00009","ACIF\/2019\/262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII018\/00002","PI17\/00931","PI20\/00405","APOTI\/2020\/013","PI\/00009","ACIF\/2019\/262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CPII018\/00002","PI17\/00931","PI20\/00405","APOTI\/2020\/013","PI\/00009","ACIF\/2019\/262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII018\/00002","PI17\/00931","PI20\/00405","APOTI\/2020\/013","PI\/00009","ACIF\/2019\/262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Environmental factors that have been linked to an increased endometriosis risk include exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), an endocrine disruptor. This study aims to investigate whether DEHP in vitro exposure in primary endometrial stromal cells (EnSC), primary endometrial epithelial cells (EnEC), and the human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line Ishikawa properly mimics alterations described in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. Primary EnSC and EnEC, isolated from six fertile egg donors, and Ishikawa cells were exposed to DEHP (0.1, 1, and 10 \u00b5M) and were assessed for viability, endometriosis markers (IL-6, VEGF-A, HOXA10, EZH2, and LSD1), steroid receptor gene expressions (ER-1, ER-2, PR-T, PR-B, and PGRMC1), and invasive capacity. Viability after 72 h of DEHP exposure was not significantly affected. None of the endometriosis markers studied were altered after acute DEHP exposure, nor was the expression of steroid receptors. The invasive capacity of EnSC was significantly increased after 10 \u00b5M of DEHP exposure. In conclusion, acute DEHP exposure in primary endometrial cells does not fully phenocopy the changes in the viability, expression of markers, or steroidal receptors described in endometriosis. However, the significant increase in EnSC invasiveness observed after DEHP exposure could be a link between DEHP exposure and increased endometriosis likelihood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T22:36:44Z","timestamp":1663713404000},"page":"11041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Endometrial Cells Acutely Exposed to Phthalates In Vitro Do Not Phenocopy Endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Gonzalez-Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Research Group, IVI Foundation-IIS La Fe Health Research, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0106-7250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Palomar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Research Group, IVI Foundation-IIS La Fe Health Research, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7372-9677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yassmin","family":"Medina-Laver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Research Group, IVI Foundation-IIS La Fe Health Research, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Qui\u00f1onero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Research Group, IVI Foundation-IIS La Fe Health Research, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7620-8081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Research Group, IVI Foundation-IIS La Fe Health Research, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-47912-7.00025-1","article-title":"Chapter 25\u2014Endometriosis","volume":"Volume 11","author":"Bulun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Yen and Jaffe\u2019s Reproductive Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"106","article-title":"Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis of Endometriosis","volume":"13","author":"Klemmt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. 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