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Nineteen swimmers, ten females and nine males, completed the exercise protocol. Sixteen swimmers experienced delayed-onset muscle soreness. Most of our findings substantiated earlier results, such as the increase in the percentage of the CD3\u2212\/CD56+ natural killer cells and the CD3\u2212\/CD56dim+ NK cells, and the decrease in the percentage of CD3+ T cells among lymphocytes after the exercise protocol. The drop of natural killer cell activity back to the pre-exercise level was in line with earlier findings. Interestingly, the percentage of CD3+\/CD56+ NKT-like cells did not change significantly in those three swimmers who did not report delayed-onset muscle soreness. On the contrary, the percentage of CD3+\/CD56+ NKT-like cells among lymphocytes increased in fourteen and decreased in two swimmers reporting delayed-onset muscle soreness. This study for the first time demonstrated a link between the delayed-onset muscle soreness and the imbalanced control of CD3+\/CD56+ NKT-like cells among lymphocytes. However, validation of this association in a larger sample size study will be necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T01:47:06Z","timestamp":1663811226000},"page":"11117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["CD3+\/CD56+ NKT-like Cells Show Imbalanced Control Immediately after Exercise in Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1267-1306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bal\u00e1zs","family":"Sonkodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c9va","family":"P\u00e1llinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Radovits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7683-8000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emese","family":"Csulak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kinga","family":"Shenker-Horv\u00e1th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bence","family":"Kopper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3744-206X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edit I.","family":"Buz\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"HCEMM-SU Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"ELKH-SE Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9999-4321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00f3ra","family":"Syd\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9la","family":"Merkely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199205000-00004","article-title":"Muscle function after exercise-induced muscle damage and rapid adaptation","volume":"24","author":"Clarkson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med. 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