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In addition to its effect on public health, it has affected humans in various aspects of life, including social, economic, cultural, and political. It is also true that researchers have made vigorous efforts to overcome COVID-19 throughout the world, but they still have a long way to go. Accordingly, innumerable therapeutics and vaccine candidates have been studied for their efficacies and have been tried clinically in a very short span of time. For example, the versatility of extracellular vesicles, which are membrane-bound particles released from all types of cells, have recently been highlighted in terms of their effectiveness, biocompatibility, and safety in the fight against COVID-19. Thus, here, we tried to explain the use of extracellular vesicles as therapeutics and for the development of vaccines against COVID-19. Along with the mechanisms and a comprehensive background of their application in trapping the coronavirus or controlling the cytokine storm, we also discuss the obstacles to the clinical use of extracellular vesicles and how these could be resolved in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T23:13:27Z","timestamp":1664147607000},"page":"11247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Update on Extracellular Vesicle-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics to Combat COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3259-1058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamanna","family":"Mustajab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5175-4967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moriasi Sheba","family":"Kwamboka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da Ae","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae Wook","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu Ri","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorim","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dajung","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7442-9457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong-Joon","family":"Chwae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2022, August 01). 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