{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:19:41Z","timestamp":1790957981057,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceuticals, the Ministry of Fertilizer, and the Government of India","award":["BT\/PR26301\/GET\/119\/258\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR26301\/GET\/119\/258\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceuticals, the Ministry of Fertilizer, and the Government of India","award":["BT\/P\/Budget\/RD-74\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/P\/Budget\/RD-74\/2017"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"DBT, Govt. of India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/PR26301\/GET\/119\/258\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR26301\/GET\/119\/258\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"DBT, Govt. of India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/P\/Budget\/RD-74\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/P\/Budget\/RD-74\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology","award":["BT\/PR26301\/GET\/119\/258\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR26301\/GET\/119\/258\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology","award":["BT\/P\/Budget\/RD-74\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/P\/Budget\/RD-74\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of beta-glucogallin (BGG), a plant-derived natural product, was evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. For the in vitro study, the ability of BGG pre-treatment to quench LPS-induced effects compared to LPS alone in macrophages was investigated. It was found that BGG pre-treatment showed a significant decrease in ROS, NO, superoxide, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-17, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-6) and increased reduced glutathione coupled with the restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential. Gene profiling and further validation by qPCR showed that BGG pre-treatment downregulated the LPS-induced expression of c-Fos, Fas, MMP-9, iNOS, COX-2, MyD88, TRIF, TRAF6, TRAM, c-JUN, and NF-\u03baB. We observed that BGG pre-treatment reduced nuclear translocation of LPS-activated NF-\u03baB and thus reduced the subsequent expressions of NLRP3 and IL-1\u03b2, indicating the ability of BGG to inhibit inflammasome formation. Molecular docking studies showed that BGG could bind at the active site of TLR4. Finally, in the LPS-driven sepsis mouse model, we showed that pre-treatment with BGG sustained toxic shock, as evident from their 100% survival. Our study clearly showed the therapeutic potential of BGG in toxic shock syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T23:13:27Z","timestamp":1664147607000},"page":"11254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Glucogallin Attenuates the LPS-Induced Signaling in Macrophages and Protects Mice against Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Rajveer","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivani","family":"Chandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5530-1909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arijit","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India"},{"name":"Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, 3081, Nayabad, Kolkata 700094, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tushar","family":"Matta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6460-6525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anupam","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of T\u00fcbingen, Sand 14, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"International Max Planck Research School \u201cFrom Molecules to Organisms\u201d, Max Planck Institute for Biology T\u00fcbingen, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0716-111X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arka","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srivalliputturu Sarath","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2267-8595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soumi","family":"Sukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9018-2607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debasish","family":"Nag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Velayutham","family":"Ravichandiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syamal","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India"},{"name":"CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical and Biology, Kolkata 700032, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3266-9262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dipanjan","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-011-0269-4","article-title":"Role of nutraceuticals in human health","volume":"49","author":"Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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