{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T07:59:46Z","timestamp":1764403186937,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Lublin, Poland","award":["DS 473, 2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DS 473, 2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Trimetazidine (TMZ), an anti-ischemic drug for improving cellular metabolism, is mostly administered to patients with poorly controlled ischemic heart disease (IHD). Since IHD is considered the most frequent causative factor of cardiac arrhythmias, and these often coexist with seizure disorders, we decided to investigate the effect of TMZ in the electroconvulsive threshold test (ECT) and its influence on the action of four first-generation antiepileptic drugs in the maximal electroshock test (MES) in mice. The TMZ (up to 120 mg\/kg) did not affect the ECT, but applied at doses of 20\u2013120 mg\/kg it decreased the antielectroshock action of phenobarbital. The TMZ (50\u2013120 mg\/kg) reduced the effect of phenytoin, and, when administered at a dose of 120 mg\/kg, it diminished the action of carbamazepine. All of these revealed interactions seem to be pharmacodynamic, since the TMZ did not affect the brain levels of antiepileptic drugs. Furthermore, the combination of TMZ with valproate (but not with other antiepileptic drugs) significantly impaired motor coordination, evaluated using the chimney test. Long-term memory, assessed with a passive-avoidance task, was not affected by either the TMZ or its combinations with antiepileptic drugs. The obtained results suggest that TMZ may not be beneficial as an add-on therapy in patients with IHD and epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T23:12:12Z","timestamp":1664320332000},"page":"11328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Trimetazidine, an Anti-Ischemic Drug, Reduces the Antielectroshock Effects of Certain First-Generation Antiepileptic Drugs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1574-1974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinga","family":"Borowicz-Reutt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Unit of Experimental Neuropathophysiology, Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, PL 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4614-1071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Banach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Unit of Experimental Neuropathophysiology, Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, PL 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.07.003","article-title":"Trimetazidine modulates AMPA\/kainate receptors in rat vestibular ganglion neurons","volume":"574","author":"Dayanithi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. 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