{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:55:06Z","timestamp":1787064906476,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1C1C2006211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1C1C2006211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global burden of chronic kidney disease is increasing, and the majority of these diseases are progressive. Special site-targeted drugs are emerging as alternatives to traditional drugs. Oligonucleotides (ODNs) have been proposed as effective therapeutic tools in specific molecular target therapies for several diseases. We designed ring-type non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), also called mTOR ODNs to suppress mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) translation. mTOR signaling is associated with excessive cell proliferation and fibrogenesis. In this study, we examined the effects of mTOR suppression on chronic renal injury. To explore the regulation of fibrosis and inflammation in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced injury, we injected synthesized ODNs via the tail vein of mice. The expression of inflammatory-related markers (interleukin-1\u03b2, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1), and that of fibrosis (\u03b1-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin), was decreased by synthetic ODNs. Additionally, ODN administration inhibited the expression of autophagy-related markers, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3, Beclin1, and autophagy-related gene 5-12. We confirmed that ring-type ODNs inhibited fibrosis, inflammation, and autophagy in a UUO mouse model. These results suggest that mTOR may be involved in the regulation of autophagy and fibrosis and that regulating mTOR signaling may be a therapeutic strategy against chronic renal injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T23:12:12Z","timestamp":1664320332000},"page":"11365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Synthetic Non-Coding RNA for Suppressing mTOR Translation to Prevent Renal Fibrosis Related to Autophagy in UUO Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7850-5509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Ah","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3038-719X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyemin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi-Gyeong","family":"Gwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Jin","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8692-1908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seongjae","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2329-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaechan","family":"Leem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Jin","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwan-Kyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8552-6049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun-Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-8871-2_1","article-title":"Prevalence and Disease Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"1165","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. 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