{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T03:41:01Z","timestamp":1769830861075,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination have been associated with autoimmune thyroid dysfunctions. Autoimmune\/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) and molecular mimicry have been referred to as potential causes. Such a case has not been reported in immunocompromised end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Herein we present two dialysis patients with no previous history of thyroid disease who developed immune mediated thyroid disorders after BNT162b mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. The first patient is a 29-year-old man on hemodialysis diagnosed with Grave\u2019s disease four months post-vaccination and the second one is a 67-year-old female on peritoneal dialysis who developed Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis two months post-vaccination. Grave\u2019s disease is uncommon in dialysis patients, whereas Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis has a higher incidence in this population. Time proximity in both cases suggests potential causality. To our knowledge, this is the first report of de novo immune-mediated thyroid disorders in dialysis patients following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T21:03:10Z","timestamp":1664485390000},"page":"11492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Two Cases of Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders after COVID Vaccination in Dialysis Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Georgios","family":"Lioulios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital \u201cHippokratio\u201d, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Tsouchnikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital \u201cHippokratio\u201d, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chrysostomos","family":"Dimitriadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital \u201cHippokratio\u201d, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Giamalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital \u201cHippokratio\u201d, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8383-2184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Pella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital \u201cHippokratio\u201d, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9565-6931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michalis","family":"Christodoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital \u201cHippokratio\u201d, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2496-9863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Stangou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital \u201cHippokratio\u201d, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Papagianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital \u201cHippokratio\u201d, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02689-y","article-title":"Thyroiditis and SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A review","volume":"72","author":"Caron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2027906","article-title":"Safety and Immunogenicity of Two RNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine Candidates","volume":"383","author":"Walsh","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. 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