{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T05:56:22Z","timestamp":1783662982555,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005297","name":"Medical University of Bialystok","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUB\/2\/DN\/22\/001\/2229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUB\/2\/DN\/22\/001\/2229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005297","name":"Medical University of Bialystok","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUB\/2\/DN\/22\/002\/2229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUB\/2\/DN\/22\/002\/2229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Scorzonera hispanica is an herbaceous perennial cultivated in Central and Southern Europe. This study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the composition of oil, extracts, and fractions (SH1-SH12) obtained from S. hispanica seeds. Furthermore, an evaluation of biological activities in breast cancer cell lines was also performed. GC-MS analysis revealed that the primary components of the seed oil (SH12) were fatty acids and \u03b2-sitosterol. In the evaluation of extracts (SH1-SH3, SH8-SH10) and fractions (SH4-SH7, SH11) composition, the presence of apigenin, derivatives of p-coumaric and caffeic acids, was reported. In the biological assays, methanolic extract (SH1), diethyl ether (SH4), and chloroform (SH11) fractions exhibited cytotoxicity toward cells. The highest activity was observed for fatty acids- and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamate-rich SH11 (IC50: 399.18 \u03bcg\/mL for MCF-7, 781.26 \u03bcg\/mL for MDA-MB-231). SH11 was also observed to induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells (52.4%). SH1, SH4, and SH11 attenuate signaling pathways and affect the expression of apoptosis-, autophagy-, and inflammation-related proteins. SH12 was non-toxic toward either cancer or normal cell lines in concentrations up to 1 mg\/mL. The results suggest that S. hispanica seeds exhibit a wide range of potential uses as a source of oil and bioactive compounds for complementary therapy of breast cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T22:19:27Z","timestamp":1665267567000},"page":"11584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["LC-PDA-MS and GC-MS Analysis of Scorzonera hispanica Seeds and Their Effects on Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3408-2289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Lendzion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Kili\u0144skiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0945-7870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Gornowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Kili\u0144skiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7133-1817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub W.","family":"Strawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-230 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Bielawska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7148-6111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Czarnomysy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Kili\u0144skiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo\u017cena","family":"Pop\u0142awska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Kili\u0144skiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3187-4205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Bielawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Kili\u0144skiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4063-1048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Tomczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-230 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5150-6093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Miltyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bielawska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Kili\u0144skiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"A New Species of Scorzonera L. 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