{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T12:25:49Z","timestamp":1787487949591,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Changchun Science and Technology Bureau project","award":["21ZGN18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ZGN18"]}]},{"name":"Changchun Science and Technology Bureau project","award":["20200402043NC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200402043NC"]}]},{"name":"Changchun Science and Technology Bureau project","award":["31772747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31772747"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Projects","award":["21ZGN18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ZGN18"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Projects","award":["20200402043NC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200402043NC"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Projects","award":["31772747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31772747"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["21ZGN18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ZGN18"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["20200402043NC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200402043NC"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["31772747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31772747"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pseudorabies (also called Aujeszky\u2019s disease) is a highly infectious viral disease caused by the pseudorabies virus (PRV, or Suid herpesvirus 1). Although the disease has been controlled by immunization with the PRV-attenuated vaccine, the emerging PRV variants can escape the immune surveillance in the vaccinated pig, resulting in recent outbreaks. Furthermore, the virus has been detected in other animals and humans, indicating cross-transmission of PRV. However, the mechanism of PRV cross-species transmission needs further study. In this study, we compared the amino acid sequences of glycoproteins (gD), gL, and thymidine kinase (TK) of PRV strains, human PRV hSD-1 2019 strain, and the attenuated strain Bartha-K61, followed by predication of their spatial conformation. In addition, the interactions between the viral gD protein and host nectin-1, nectin-2, and HS were also evaluated via molecular docking. The results showed that the amino acid sequence homology of the gD, gL, and TK proteins of hSD-1 2019 and JL-CC was 97.5%, 94.4%, and 99.1%, respectively. Moreover, there were mutations in the amino acid sequences of gD, gL, and TK proteins of hSD-1 2019 and JL-CC compared with the corresponding reference sequences of the Bartha strain. The mutations of gD, gL, and TK might not affect the spatial conformation of the protein domain but may affect the recognition of antibodies and antigen epitopes. Moreover, the gD protein of JL-CC, isolated previously, can bind to human nectin-1, nectin-2, and HS, suggesting the virus may be highly infectious and pathogenic to human beings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T22:19:27Z","timestamp":1665267567000},"page":"11597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Mutation and Interaction Analysis of the Glycoprotein D and L and Thymidine Kinase of Pseudorabies Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2485-4812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences, Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5333 Xi\u2019an Road, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences, Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5333 Xi\u2019an Road, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences, Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5333 Xi\u2019an Road, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences, Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5333 Xi\u2019an Road, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guyu","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences, Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5333 Xi\u2019an Road, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences, Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5333 Xi\u2019an Road, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences, Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5333 Xi\u2019an Road, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1092-6435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linzhu","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences, Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5333 Xi\u2019an Road, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.08.001","article-title":"Pseudorabies virus can escape from CRISPR-Cas9-mediated inhibition","volume":"223","author":"Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Q., Kuang, Y., Li, Y., Guo, H., Zhou, C., Guo, S., Tan, C., Wu, B., Chen, H., and Wang, X. 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