{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:47:59Z","timestamp":1791996479739,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010621","name":"the Medical University of Lublin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PBsd222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PBsd222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The interaction between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells mediated by the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)\/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)\/programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2) pathway is the most important point in regulating immunological tolerance and autoimmunity. Disturbances in the quantity, maturity, and activity of DCs may be involved in the implantation and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus in endometriosis (EMS). However, little is known about the role of the immune checkpoint pathways in EMS. In our study, we examined the expression of PD-L1\/PD-L2 on myeloid DCs (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) in the peripheral blood (PB) and peritoneal fluid (PF) of both EMS patients (n = 72) and healthy subjects (n = 20) via flow cytometry. The concentration of soluble PD-L1 and PD-L2 in the plasma and PF of EMS patients and the control group were determined using ELISA. We demonstrated an elevated percentage of mDCs, mDCs and pDCs with the PD-L1or PD-L2 expression, and a higher concentration of the soluble forms of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in the PF than in the plasma of EMS patients. We conclude that the peritoneal cavity environment and the PD-1\/PD-L1\/PD-L2 axis may play an important role in the modulation of immune response and the development and\/or progression of EMS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T22:19:27Z","timestamp":1665267567000},"page":"11607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Clinical Value of the PD-1\/PD-L1\/PD-L2 Pathway in Patients Suffering from Endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1022-3323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Suszczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chod\u017aki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9599-6773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiktoria","family":"Skiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chod\u017aki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Witold","family":"Zardzewia\u0142y","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Association, Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chod\u017aki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1532-2662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Paw\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chod\u017aki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"W\u0142odarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chod\u017aki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Polak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I Chair and Department of Gynaecologic Oncology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Tarkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I Chair and Department of Gynaecologic Oncology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3396-1679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Wertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chod\u017aki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.2018.61.5.605","article-title":"Interrelationships among endometriosis-related pain symptoms and their effects on health-related quality of life: A sectional observational study","volume":"61","author":"Aragao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet. 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