{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:50:30Z","timestamp":1789609830090,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Regional Scientists Fund of the National. Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81960275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81960275"]}]},{"name":"Regional Scientists Fund of the National. Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["21YF5FA119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21YF5FA119"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Provincial. Department of Science and Technology Foundation","award":["81960275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81960275"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Provincial. Department of Science and Technology Foundation","award":["21YF5FA119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21YF5FA119"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometriosis (EMS) is a common gynecological disease. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which induces chronic pelvic inflammation and cell pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death based on inflammasome activation, are involved in EMS, but the extent of their involvement and roles remain unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate PGE2-induced pyroptosis in EMS and the influence of PGE2 in EMS progression. Using western blotting, it was found that the expressions of PGE2 and pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-18) were higher in EMS tissues than in normal endometrial tissues. The levels of PGE2, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-18 in the serum of patients with EMS and cell culture fluids were also detected. Using the transwell assay, we verified that PGE2 promoted hEM15A migration via the NLRP3\/caspase-1 pyroptotic pathway, and PGE2-induced pyroptosis upregulated the expressions of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), E-cadherin, and vimentin. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed that PGE2-induced pyroptosis contributed to EMS invasion. These results suggest that PGE2-induced pyroptosis affects the progression of EMS by changing the migration ability of pyroptotic cells and upregulating the expression of HMGB1, E-cadherin, and vimentin. Our findings provide crucial evidence for new treatment pathways and use of anti-inflammatory drugs in EMS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T23:39:31Z","timestamp":1665272371000},"page":"11707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["PEG2-Induced Pyroptosis Regulates the Expression of HMGB1 and Promotes hEM15A Migration in Endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiyun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Province Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.17953","article-title":"Endometriosis","volume":"320","author":"Peiris","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1810764","article-title":"Endometriosis","volume":"382","author":"Zondervan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. 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