{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:48:36Z","timestamp":1788385716876,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Young Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft doctoral scholarship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL), a rare malignancy of the eye, is strongly related to primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). We hypothesized that lymphoma cells disseminate to the CNS and eye tissue via distinct homing receptors. The objective of this study was to test expression of CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR7 and CD44 homing receptors on CD20 positive B-lymphoma cells on enucleated eyes using a PCNSL xenograft mouse model. Methods: We used indirect immunofluorescence double staining for CD20\/CXCR4, CD20\/CXCR5, CD20\/CXCR7 and CD20\/CD44 on enucleated eyes of a PCNSL xenograft mouse model with PVRL phenotype (PCNSL group) in comparison to a secondary CNS lymphoma xenograft mouse model (SCNSL group). Lymphoma infiltration was evaluated with an immunoreactive score (IRS). Results: 11\/13 paired eyes of the PCNSL but none of the SCNSL group were infiltrated by CD20-positive cells. Particularly the choroid and to a lesser extent the retina of the PCNSL group were infiltrated by CD20+\/CXCR4+, CD20+\/CXCR5+, few CD20+\/CD44+ but no CD20+\/CXCR7+ cells. Expression of CXCR4 (p = 0.0205), CXCR5 (p = 0.0004) and CD44 (p &lt; 0.0001) was significantly increased in the PCNSL compared to the SCNSL group. Conclusions: CD20+ PCNSL lymphoma cells infiltrating the eye co-express distinct homing receptors such as CXCR4 and CXCR5 in a PVRL homing mouse model. These receptors may be involved in PVRL homing into the eye.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T23:39:31Z","timestamp":1665272371000},"page":"11757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["CXCR4, CXCR5 and CD44 May Be Involved in Homing of Lymphoma Cells into the Eye in a Patient Derived Xenograft Homing Mouse Model for Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Neele","family":"Babst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa K.","family":"Isbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2584-0607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Rommel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysegul","family":"Tura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdy","family":"Ranjbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Grisanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cordula","family":"Tschuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Discovery Research Services GmbH, 79108 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1984-7343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Schueler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Discovery Research Services GmbH, 79108 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soroush","family":"Doostkam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuropathology, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Reinacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT), 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7325-7753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justus","family":"Duyster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6212-8964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinodh","family":"Kakkassery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolas","family":"von Bubnoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2011-0210","article-title":"Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: A report from an international primary central nervous system lymphoma collaborative group symposium","volume":"16","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S159014","article-title":"Primary vitreoretinal 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