{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T15:15:18Z","timestamp":1787584518057,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health Institute","award":["R15NS098389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15NS098389"]}]},{"name":"National Health Institute","award":["2020JF3R9K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JF3R9K"]}]},{"name":"FRAXA Foundation","award":["R15NS098389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15NS098389"]}]},{"name":"FRAXA Foundation","award":["2020JF3R9K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JF3R9K"]}]},{"name":"PRIN2020","award":["R15NS098389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15NS098389"]}]},{"name":"PRIN2020","award":["2020JF3R9K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JF3R9K"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that represses the translation of specific mRNAs. In neurons, its depletion determines the exaggerated translation of mRNAs leading to dendritic and axonal aberrant development, two peculiar features of Fragile X syndrome patients. However, how FMRP binds to translational machinery to regulate the translation of its mRNA targets is not yet fully understood. Here, we show that FMRP localizes on translational machinery by interacting with the ribosomal binding protein, Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1). The binding of FMRP to RACK1 removes the translational repressive activity of FMRP and promotes the translation of PSD-95 mRNA, one specific target of FMRP. This binding also results in a reduction in the level of FMRP phosphorylation. We also find that the morphological abnormalities induced by Fmr1 siRNA in cortical neurons are rescued by the overexpression of a mutant form of RACK1 that cannot bind ribosomes. Thus, these results provide a new mechanism underlying FMRP activity that contributes to altered development in FXS. Moreover, these data confirm the role of ribosomal RACK1 as a ribosomal scaffold for RNA binding proteins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T23:39:31Z","timestamp":1665272371000},"page":"11857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Ribosomal RACK1 Regulates the Dendritic Arborization by Repressing FMRP Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0155-8271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicla","family":"Romano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7153-7927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna","family":"Di Giacomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Nobile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genomic Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4722-8358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Borreca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, CNR-National Research Council, Vedano al Lambro, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Willems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8716-8428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Tilesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1210-6836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Catalani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1274-6032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manasi","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44243, USA"},{"name":"Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44243, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6624-4719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristy","family":"Welshhans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare \u201cRomeo ed Enrica Invernizzi\u201d, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Bioscience Department, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2727-9449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Cervia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5066-1590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Ceci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.022","article-title":"The Mammalian Ribo-interactome Reveals Ribosome Functional Diversity and Heterogeneity","volume":"169","author":"Simsek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.08.019","article-title":"Phosphorylation of the Ribosomal Protein RPL12\/uL11 Affects Translation during Mitosis","volume":"72","author":"Imami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. 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