{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T13:16:44Z","timestamp":1783948604942,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cProgetto di Ateneo\u201d Sapienza University","award":["RM11715C7933DCB8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM11715C7933DCB8"]}]},{"name":"\u201cProgetto di Ateneo\u201d Sapienza University","award":["RM11715C775274E7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM11715C775274E7"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the direct-acting antiviral (DAA) era, it is important to understand the immunological changes after HCV eradication in HCV monoinfected (mHCV) and in HIV\/HCV coinfected (HIV\/HCV) patients. In this study, we analyzed sub-populations of monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), T-lymphocytes and inflammatory biomarkers following initiation of DAA in 15 mHCV and 16 HIV\/HCV patients on effective antiretroviral therapy at baseline and after sustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR12). Fifteen age- and sex-matched healthy donors (HD) were enrolled as a control group. Activated CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, mDCs, pDCs, MDC8 and classical, non-classical and intermediate monocytes were detected using flow cytometry. IP-10, sCD163 and sCD14 were assessed by ELISA while matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was measured by zymography. At baseline, increased levels of IP-10, sCD163 and MMP-2 were found in both HIV\/HCV and mHCV patients compared to HD, whereas sCD14 increased only in HIV\/HCV patients. After therapy, IP-10, sCD163 and sCD14 decreased, whereas MMP-2 persistently elevated. At baseline, activated CD8+ T-cells were high in HIV\/HCV and mHCV patients compared to HD, with a decrease at SVR12 only in HIV\/HCV patients. Activated CD4+ T-cells were higher in HIV\/HCV patients without modification after DAAs therapy. These results suggest complex interactions between both viruses and the immune system, which are only partially reversed by DAA treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T23:39:31Z","timestamp":1665272371000},"page":"11936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Longitudinal Assessment of Multiple Immunological and Inflammatory Parameters during Successful DAA Therapy in HCV Monoinfected and HIV\/HCV Coinfected Subjects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"Zuccal\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6971-5416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiziana","family":"Latronico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Marocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, S. M. Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Savinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, D04 YN26 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Vita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Mengoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Tieghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, S. M. Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cosmo","family":"Borgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, S. M. Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blerta","family":"Kertusha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, S. M. Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Carraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3571-5677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella","family":"D\u2019Ettorre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Vullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1286-467X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio Maria","family":"Mastroianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5692-9335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazia Maria","family":"Liuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Lichtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.06.040","article-title":"Coinfection with HIV-1 and HCV-A one-two punch","volume":"137","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"328","article-title":"Mechanisms of Accelerated Liver Fibrosis Progression during HIV Infection","volume":"4","author":"Debes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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