{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:46:20Z","timestamp":1790815580358,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis is the most common autoimmune disease, yet its pathophysiology is not fully understood. It is now believed that psoriasis is caused by the increased activation of immune cells, especially Th1 lymphocytes. However, in psoriasis, immune cells interfere with the metabolism of keratinocytes, leading to their increased activation. Therefore, the pathophysiology of psoriasis is currently associated with the overproduction of ROS, which are involved in the activation of immune cells and keratinocytes as well as the modulation of various signaling pathways within them. Nevertheless, ROS modulate the immune system by also boosting the increasing generation of various lipid mediators, such as products of lipid peroxidation as well as endocannabinoids and prostaglandins. In psoriasis, the excessive generation of ROS and lipid mediators is observed in different immune cells, such as granulocytes, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes. All of the above may be activated by ROS and lipid mediators, which leads to inflammation. Nevertheless, ROS and lipid mediators regulate lymphocyte differentiation in favor of Th1 and may also interact directly with keratinocytes, which is also observed in psoriasis. Thus, the analysis of the influence of oxidative stress and its consequences for metabolic changes, including lipidomic ones, in psoriasis may be of diagnostic and therapeutic importance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T05:31:18Z","timestamp":1665552678000},"page":"12137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Impact of ROS-Dependent Lipid Metabolism on Psoriasis Pathophysiology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Adam","family":"Wro\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Specialized Center \u201cDERMAL\u201d NZOZ in Bialystok, 15-453 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4455-3788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"W\u00f3jcik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ITC1","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC201901010","article-title":"Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"170","author":"Sparks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32549-6","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"397","author":"Griffiths","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Lond. Engl."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Borz\u0119cki, A. (2022, August 15). Praktyczne Wskaz\u00f3wki Rozpoznawania i Leczenia \u0141uszczycy \u2022 Medycyna Rodzinna 1\/2000 \u2022 Czytelnia Medyczna BORGIS. Available online: https:\/\/www.czytelniamedyczna.pl\/610,praktyczne-wskazowki-rozpoznawania-i-leczenia-luszczycy.html."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.17-1-65","article-title":"Psoriatic arthritis: State of the art review","volume":"17","author":"Coates","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Lond. Engl."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rendon, A., and Sch\u00e4kel, K. (2019). Psoriasis Pathogenesis and Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061475"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Sanchez, D.P., and Sonthalia, S. (2021). Koebner Phenomenon, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.768","article-title":"Pruritus in psoriasis: An update","volume":"20","author":"Szepietowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain Lond. Engl."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii18","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.033217","article-title":"Psoriasis: Epidemiology, clinical features, and quality of life","volume":"64","author":"Langley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.14.1735","article-title":"Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Psoriasis","volume":"296","author":"Gelfand","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.06.053","article-title":"Meta-analysis of psoriasis, cardiovascular disease, and associated risk factors","volume":"69","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W\u00f3jcik, P., G\u0119gotek, A., \u017darkovi\u0107, N., and Skrzydlewska, E. (2021). Oxidative Stress and Lipid Mediators Modulate Immune Cell Functions in Autoimmune Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020723"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W\u00f3jcik, P., Biernacki, M., Wro\u0144ski, A., \u0141uczaj, W., Waeg, G., \u017darkovi\u0107, N., and Skrzydlewska, E. (2019). Altered Lipid Metabolism in Blood Mononuclear Cells of Psoriatic Patients Indicates Differential Changes in Psoriasis Vulgaris and Psoriatic Arthritis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174249"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060815-014442","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species and Neutrophil Function","volume":"85","author":"Winterbourn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-0465-0","article-title":"Antigen presentation by dendritic cells and their instruction of CD4+ T helper cell responses","volume":"17","author":"Hilligan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524033479726","article-title":"Regulation of dendritic cell function through Toll-like receptors","volume":"3","author":"Kaisho","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4895","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302005","article-title":"Little peptide, big effects: The role of LL-37 in inflammation and autoimmune disease","volume":"191","author":"Kahlenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2012.11.009","article-title":"A comprehensive summary of LL-37, the factotum human cathelicidin peptide","volume":"280","author":"Vandamme","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13236","article-title":"Aldara\u00ae-induced skin inflammation: Studies of patients with psoriasis","volume":"172","author":"Vinter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16172","article-title":"Impaired Langerhans cell migration in psoriasis is due to an altered keratinocyte phenotype induced by interleukin-17","volume":"178","author":"Eaton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19057","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509736102","article-title":"Increase in TNF-alpha and inducible nitric oxide synthase-expressing dendritic cells in psoriasis and reduction with efalizumab (anti-CD11a)","volume":"102","author":"Lowes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.1900076","article-title":"Oxidative Stress Enhances Dendritic Cell Responses to Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"3","author":"Ty","year":"2019","journal-title":"ImmunoHorizons"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3886","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199811)28:11<3886::AID-IMMU3886>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Oxidative stress up-regulates IL-8 and TNF-alpha synthesis by human dendritic cells","volume":"28","author":"Verhasselt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.12.1490","article-title":"Psoriasis triggered by toll-like receptor 7 agonist imiquimod in the presence of dermal plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors","volume":"140","author":"Gilliet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14355","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.22.14355-14370.2005","article-title":"The Toll-Like Receptor 7 (TLR7) Agonist, Imiquimod, and the TLR9 Agonist, CpG ODN, Induce Antiviral Cytokines and Chemokines but Do Not Prevent Vaginal Transmission of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus When Applied Intravaginally to Rhesus Macaques","volume":"79","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7633","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.12.7633","article-title":"Inhibition of NF-\u03baB and Oxidative Pathways in Human Dendritic Cells by Antioxidative Vitamins Generates Regulatory T Cells","volume":"174","author":"Tan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin, T., Yin, Y., Yu, Q., and Yang, Q. (2015). Bursopentin (BP5) Protects Dendritic Cells from Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress for Immunosuppression. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117477"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00242","article-title":"Innate Lymphocytes in Psoriasis","volume":"11","author":"Polese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvz096","article-title":"Effect of redox imbalance on protein modifications in lymphocytes of psoriatic patients","volume":"167","author":"Skrzydlewska","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01549","article-title":"The Interplay Between Keratinocytes and Immune Cells in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis","volume":"9","author":"Albanesi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830240315","article-title":"T cell clones from psoriasis skin lesions can promote keratinocyte proliferation in vitro via secreted products","volume":"24","author":"Prinz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sha, Y., and Markovic-Plese, S. (2016). Activated IL-1RI Signaling Pathway Induces Th17 Cell Differentiation via Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 Signaling in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Front. Immunol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00543"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2020.04.004","article-title":"Chapter Five-Cytokines in psoriasis","volume":"Volume 100","author":"Makowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Advances in Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.12788\/j.sder.2018.051","article-title":"IL-17 inhibitors for psoriasis","volume":"37","author":"Paek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.12788\/j.sder.2018.039","article-title":"TNF inhibitors for psoriasis","volume":"37","author":"Chima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R148","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3090","article-title":"Synovial effusion and synovial fluid biomarkers in psoriatic arthritis to assess intraarticular tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 blockade in the knee joint","volume":"12","author":"Fiocco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-020-09149-1","article-title":"The role of Th17 cells in psoriasis","volume":"68","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"1092","article-title":"Th17 cytokines interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22 modulate distinct inflammatory and keratinocyte-response pathways","volume":"159","author":"Nograles","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061308","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-17 are coexpressed by Th17 cells and cooperatively enhance expression of antimicrobial peptides","volume":"203","author":"Liang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors in the treatment of plaque psoriasis: A review","volume":"20","author":"Gooderham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Skin Ther. Lett."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.65","article-title":"Th17 cytokines stimulate CCL20 expression in keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo: Implications for psoriasis pathogenesis","volume":"129","author":"Harper","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04753","article-title":"Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells","volume":"441","author":"Bettelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.2177\/jsci.35.168","article-title":"[Role of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of skin diseases]","volume":"35","author":"Fujita","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3570","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939687","article-title":"The Th17 cytokine IL-22 induces IL-20 production in keratinocytes: A novel immunological cascade with potential relevance in psoriasis","volume":"39","author":"Wolk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1159\/000516110","article-title":"Skin Surface Protein Detection by Transdermal Analysis Patches in Pediatric Psoriasis","volume":"34","author":"Schaap","year":"2021","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-011-1920-5","article-title":"Psoriasin (S100A7) increases the expression of ROS and VEGF and acts through RAGE to promote endothelial cell proliferation","volume":"134","author":"Shubbar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"123","article-title":"New biologics in psoriasis: An update on IL-23 and IL-17 inhibitors","volume":"99","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1086\/511051","article-title":"A Large-Scale Genetic Association Study Confirms IL12B and Leads to the Identification of IL23R as Psoriasis-Risk Genes","volume":"80","author":"Cargill","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20060244","article-title":"IL-23 stimulates epidermal hyperplasia via TNF and IL-20R2\u2013dependent mechanisms with implications for psoriasis pathogenesis","volume":"203","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401740","article-title":"IL-4 Downregulates IL-1\u03b2 and IL-6 and Induces GATA3 in Psoriatic Epidermal Cells: Route of Action of a Th2 Cytokine","volume":"195","author":"Onderdijk","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.170.6.2081","article-title":"Two types of mouse T helper cell. IV. Th2 clones secrete a factor that inhibits cytokine production by Th1 clones","volume":"170","author":"Fiorentino","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.10.031","article-title":"Interleukin-10 paradox: A potent immunoregulatory cytokine that has been difficult to harness for immunotherapy","volume":"74","author":"Saxena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3109\/08820139.2016.1138967","article-title":"Th17 and Th1 Lymphocytes Are Correlated with Chronic Periodontitis","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597741","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.597741","article-title":"RNA Sequencing Keloid Transcriptome Associates Keloids With Th2, Th1, Th17\/Th22, and JAK3-Skewing","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688066","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.688066","article-title":"Role of Th22 Cells in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788940","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.788940","article-title":"The Role of Helper T Cells in Psoriasis","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2014.11.021","article-title":"Nrf2 regulates ROS production by mitochondria and NADPH oxidase","volume":"1850","author":"Kovac","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.38212\/2224-6614.3376","article-title":"A novel NRF2\/ARE inhibitor gossypol induces cytotoxicity and sensitizes chemotherapy responses in chemo-refractory cancer cells","volume":"29","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/57.5.715S","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation: Its mechanism, measurement, and significance","volume":"57","author":"Halliwell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ambro\u017cewicz, E., W\u00f3jcik, P., Wro\u0144ski, A., \u0141uczaj, W., Jastrz\u0105b, A., \u017darkovi\u0107, N., and Skrzydlewska, E. (2018). Pathophysiological Alterations of Redox Signaling and Endocannabinoid System in Granulocytes and Plasma of Psoriatic Patients. Cells, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7100159"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarocka-Karpowicz, I., Biernacki, M., Wro\u0144ski, A., G\u0119gotek, A., and Skrzydlewska, E. (2020). Cannabidiol Effects on Phospholipid Metabolism in Keratinocytes from Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10030367"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2010.498478","article-title":"Pathological aspects of lipid peroxidation","volume":"44","author":"Auge","year":"2010","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"1254","article-title":"The isoprostane 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) stimulates endothelial cells to bind monocytes: Differences from thromboxane-mediated endothelial activation","volume":"15","author":"Leitinger","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB J. Off. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-6980(98)00079-3","article-title":"Indirect enhancement of neutrophil activity and adhesion to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells by isoprostanes (iPF2alpha-III and iPE2-III)","volume":"57","author":"Zahler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(03)00538-8","article-title":"8-Isoprostane increases expression of interleukin-8 in human macrophages through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases","volume":"59","author":"Scholz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23875","article-title":"Distinct modulation of human myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells by anandamide in multiple sclerosis","volume":"73","author":"Cencioni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5973","DOI":"10.1021\/cr200160h","article-title":"Isoprostane Generation and Function","volume":"111","author":"Milne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.033","article-title":"Antioxidants and HNE in redox homeostasis","volume":"111","author":"Skrzydlewska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2018.03.068","article-title":"Proteomic plasma profile of psoriatic patients","volume":"155","author":"Domingues","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2016.08.005","article-title":"Keap1, the cysteine-based mammalian intracellular sensor for electrophiles and oxidants","volume":"617","author":"Kostov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13098","article-title":"Fumaderm\u00ae in daily practice for psoriasis: Dosing, efficacy and quality of life","volume":"171","author":"Walker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-017-0955-5","article-title":"Pro-oxidant status and Nrf2 levels in psoriasis vulgaris skin tissues and dimethyl fumarate-treated HaCaT cells","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.08.044","article-title":"Phospholipase A2, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation in cerebral ischemia","volume":"40","author":"Hatcher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-015-0260-7","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 promotes tumor growth and suppresses tumor immunity","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"Yokomizo, T., and Murakami, M. (2015). Lipoxygenases: A Chronological Perspective on the Synthesis of S and R Fatty Acid Hydroperoxides. Bioactive Lipid Mediators: Current Reviews and Protocols, Springer."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(99)00406-2","article-title":"Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase: A potential new risk factor for coronary artery disease","volume":"150","author":"Caslake","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535612","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/535612","article-title":"Lipid Disturbances in Psoriasis: An Update","volume":"2010","author":"Pietrzak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0141uczaj, W., Dobrzy\u0144ska, I., Wro\u0144ski, A., Domingues, M.R., Domingues, P., and Skrzydlewska, E. (2020). Cannabidiol-Mediated Changes to the Phospholipid Profile of UVB-Irradiated Keratinocytes from Psoriatic Patients. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186592"},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"233","article-title":"Lipid inflammatory mediators: Leukotrienes, prostaglandins, platelet-activating factor","volume":"16","author":"Christie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00130","article-title":"Proinflammatory and Immunoregulatory Roles of Eicosanoids in T Cells","volume":"4","author":"Lone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200113416","article-title":"Mixed messages: Modulation of inflammation and immune responses by prostaglandins and thromboxanes","volume":"108","author":"Tilley","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"65","article-title":"Pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"15","author":"Coras","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metab. Off. J. Metab. Soc."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.02.003","article-title":"Bioactive Lipid Mediator Profiles in Human Psoriasis Skin and Blood","volume":"138","author":"Sorokin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.01.054","article-title":"Thromboxane A2 facilitates IL-17A production from V\u03b34+ \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and promotes psoriatic dermatitis in mice","volume":"142","author":"Ueharaguchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ra45","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2004882","article-title":"T cell receptor signals to NF-\u03baB are transmitted by a cytosolic p62-Bcl10-Malt1-IKK signalosome","volume":"7","author":"Paul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.08.022","article-title":"The endocannabinoid system of the skin. A potential approach for the treatment of skin disorders","volume":"157","author":"Appendino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"1","article-title":"Endocannabinoids: Synthesis and degradation","volume":"160","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"136","article-title":"Effects of cannabinoid receptor agonist and antagonist ligands on production of inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 in endotoxemic mice","volume":"293","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02376","article-title":"Neutrophils in Psoriasis","volume":"10","author":"Chiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1179\/1351000213Y.0000000045","article-title":"Altered redox status in the blood of psoriatic patients: Involvement of NADPH oxidase and role of anti-TNF-\u03b1 therapy","volume":"18","author":"Barygina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Redox Rep."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10539.x","article-title":"Correlation between lipoprotein(a) and lipid peroxidation in psoriasis: Role of the enzyme paraoxonase-1","volume":"166","author":"Ferretti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201006052","article-title":"Neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase regulate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"191","author":"Papayannopoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2010.150","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular trap cell death requires both autophagy and superoxide generation","volume":"21","author":"Remijsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00746","article-title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote Inflammatory Responses in Psoriasis via Activating Epidermal TLR4\/IL-36R Crosstalk","volume":"10","author":"Shao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10540","article-title":"Dendritic cells control lymphocyte entry to lymph nodes through high endothelial venules","volume":"479","author":"Moussion","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827617708991","article-title":"Advanced Glycation End Products and Risks for Chronic Diseases: Intervening Through Lifestyle Modification","volume":"13","author":"Prasad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Lifestyle Med."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papagrigoraki, A., Maurelli, M., Del Giglio, M., Gisondi, P., and Girolomoni, G. (2017). Advanced Glycation End Products in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112471"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02088","article-title":"Immunomodulation by Processed Animal Feed: The Role of Maillard Reaction Products and Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs)","volume":"9","author":"Teodorowicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2013.12.016","article-title":"Role of advanced glycation end products in cellular signaling","volume":"2","author":"Ott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7274","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64349-x","article-title":"Hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products disrupt BBB and promote occludin and claudin-5 protein secretion on extracellular microvesicles","volume":"10","author":"Rom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-7-17","article-title":"RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts), RAGE Ligands, and their role in Cancer and Inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Sparvero","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132603","article-title":"HMGB1 and RAGE in inflammation and cancer","volume":"28","author":"Sims","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Qu, H., and Deng, H. (2015). Plasma HMGB-1 Levels in Subjects with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in China. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136564"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295081","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/295081","article-title":"Enhanced HMGB1 Expression May Contribute to Th17 Cells Activation in Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"2012","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04024.x","article-title":"Advanced protein glycation in psoriasis","volume":"26","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. JEADV"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2014.04.005","article-title":"AP1S3 mutations are associated with pustular psoriasis and impaired Toll-like receptor 3 trafficking","volume":"94","author":"Simpson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W\u00f3jcik, P., Garley, M., Wro\u0144ski, A., Jab\u0142o\u0144ska, E., and Skrzydlewska, E. (2020). Cannabidiol Modifies the Formation of NETs in Neutrophils of Psoriatic Patients. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186795"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3579(94)80020-0","article-title":"Skin lesions in psoriasis","volume":"8","author":"Goodfield","year":"1994","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-019-0255-2","article-title":"Astilbin reduces ROS accumulation and VEGF expression through Nrf2 in psoriasis-like skin disease","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2017.12.002","article-title":"ROS production and glutathione response in keratinocytes after application of \u03b2-carotene and VIS\/NIR irradiation","volume":"280","author":"Lohan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-009-0341-y","article-title":"Cellular responses to endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis","volume":"14","author":"Rasheva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"ref_111","unstructured":"Soonthornchai, W., Tangtanatakul, P., Meephansan, J., Ruchusatsawat, K., Reantragoon, R., Hirankarn, N., and Wongpiyabovorn, J. (2019). Down-regulation of miR-155 after treatment with narrow-band UVB and methotrexate associates with apoptosis of keratinocytes in psoriasis. Asian Pac. J. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14213","article-title":"Current developments in phototherapy for psoriasis","volume":"45","author":"Morita","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_113","first-page":"105","article-title":"Role of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in The Immunopathogenesis of Psoriasis and The Effect of Narrow Band UVB Phototherapy on The Immunological Profile of Psoriasis Patients","volume":"24","author":"Fattouh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2009.00409.x","article-title":"The effects of phototherapy on the numbers of circulating natural killer cells and T lymphocytes in psoriasis","volume":"25","author":"Tobin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11137","article-title":"Cell death: A review of the major forms of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy","volume":"43","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100934","article-title":"Apoptosis as anticancer mechanism: Function and dysfunction of its modulators and targeted therapeutic strategies","volume":"8","author":"Pistritto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2013.06.028","article-title":"ER stress-induced cell death mechanisms","volume":"1833","author":"Sano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W\u00f3jcik, P., \u017darkovi\u0107, N., G\u0119gotek, A., and Skrzydlewska, E. (2020). Involvement of Metabolic Lipid Mediators in the Regulation of Apoptosis. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10030402"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4905","article-title":"Regulation of the Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathway by Reactive Oxygen Species","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160869","article-title":"Cell cycle progression dictates the requirement for BCL2 in natural killer cell survival","volume":"214","author":"Viant","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25852","article-title":"Emerging roles of ER stress and unfolded protein response pathways in skeletal muscle health and disease","volume":"233","author":"Bohnert","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W\u00f3jcik, P., G\u0119gotek, A., \u017darkovi\u0107, N., and Skrzydlewska, E. (2021). Disease-Dependent Antiapoptotic Effects of Cannabidiol for Keratinocytes Observed upon UV Irradiation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22189956"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04441.x","article-title":"Studies on serum 8-hydroxy guanosine (8-OHdG) as reliable biomarker for psoriasis","volume":"27","author":"Basavaraj","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3213","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.15.3213","article-title":"Effect of oxidative DNA damage in promoter elements on transcription factor binding","volume":"27","author":"Ghosh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(97)80068-3","article-title":"AP-1 function and regulation","volume":"9","author":"Karin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13148","article-title":"Sp1 and the \u201challmarks of cancer\u201d","volume":"282","author":"Beishline","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-006-9050-y","article-title":"CD39 and control of cellular immune responses","volume":"3","author":"Dwyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(85)70011-4","article-title":"Psoriasis and susceptibility to nonmelanoma skin cancer","volume":"12","author":"Stern","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3984","DOI":"10.1021\/bi200029w","article-title":"Modification of Akt2 by 4-Hydroxynonenal Inhibits Insulin-Dependent Akt Signaling in HepG2 Cells","volume":"50","author":"Shearn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ji, G., Yu, N., Xue, X., and Li, Z. (2018, November 29). 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal Induces Apoptosis by Inhibiting AKT Signaling in Human Osteosarcoma Cells. Available online: https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/tswj\/2014\/873525\/.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/873525"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T\u00f3th, K.F., \u00c1d\u00e1m, D., B\u00edr\u00f3, T., and Ol\u00e1h, A. (2019). Cannabinoid Signaling in the Skin: Therapeutic Potential of the \u201cC(ut)annabinoid\u201d System. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24050918"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvp240","article-title":"CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors differentially regulate the production of reactive oxygen species by macrophages","volume":"84","author":"Han","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romanowska, M., Reilly, L., Palmer, C.N.A., Gustafsson, M.C.U., and Foerster, J. (2010). Activation of PPARbeta\/delta causes a psoriasis-like skin disease in vivo. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009701"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2006.00402.x","article-title":"Topical treatment with thiazolidinediones, activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, normalizes epidermal homeostasis in a murine hyperproliferative disease model","volume":"15","author":"Demerjian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/20\/12137\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:50:20Z","timestamp":1760143820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/20\/12137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms232012137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232012137","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]}}}