{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T21:01:09Z","timestamp":1790974869501,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d Department of Experimental Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Two different types of adipose depots can be observed in mammals: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). The primary role of WAT is to deposit surplus energy in the form of triglycerides, along with many metabolic and hormonal activities; as thermogenic tissue, BAT has the distinct characteristic of using energy and glucose consumption as a strategy to maintain the core body temperature. Under specific stimuli\u2014such as exercise, cold exposure, and drug treatment\u2014white adipocytes can utilize their extraordinary flexibility to transdifferentiate into brown-like cells, called beige adipocytes, thereby acquiring new morphological and physiological characteristics. For this reason, the process is identified as the \u2018browning of WAT\u2019. We evaluated the ability of some drugs, including GW501516, sildenafil, and rosiglitazone, to induce the browning process of adult white adipocytes obtained from differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). In addition, we broadened our investigation by evaluating the potential browning capacity of IRISIN, a myokine that is stimulated by muscular exercises. Our data indicate that IRISIN was effective in promoting the browning of white adipocytes, which acquire increased expression of UCP1, increased mitochondrial mass, and modification in metabolism, as suggested by an increase of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, primarily in presence of glucose as a nutrient. These promising browning agents represent an appealing focus in the therapeutic approaches to counteracting metabolic diseases and their associated obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T20:53:29Z","timestamp":1665608009000},"page":"12151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Molecular and Physiological Effects of Browning Agents on White Adipocytes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6305-2092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Girolamo","family":"Di Maio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sports Medicine Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5019-2130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Alessio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Peluso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Bioscience and BioResources, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6149-6845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silverio","family":"Perrotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, School of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7184-218X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcellino","family":"Monda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sports Medicine Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4985-4029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Di Bernardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.170","article-title":"Bariatric surgery for obesity and metabolic disorders: State of the art","volume":"14","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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