{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:24:13Z","timestamp":1790871853041,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Omega-3 fatty acids (\u03c9-3 FAs) are well-known for their actions on immune\/inflammatory and neurological pathways, functions that are also under circadian clock regulation. The daily photoperiod represents the primary circadian synchronizer (\u2018zeitgeber\u2019), although diverse studies have pointed towards an influence of dietary FAs on the biological clock. A comprehensive literature review was conducted following predefined selection criteria with the aim of updating the evidence on the molecular mechanisms behind circadian rhythm regulation by \u03c9-3 FAs. We collected preclinical and clinical studies, systematic reviews, and metanalyses focused on the effect of \u03c9-3 FAs on circadian rhythms. Twenty animal (conducted on rodents and piglets) and human trials and one observational study providing evidence on the regulation of neurological, inflammatory\/immune, metabolic, reproductive, cardiovascular, and biochemical processes by \u03c9-3 FAs via clock genes were discussed. The evidence suggests that \u03c9-3 FAs may serve as non-photic zeitgebers and prove therapeutically beneficial for circadian disruption-related pathologies. Future work should focus on the role of clock genes as a target for the therapeutic use of \u03c9-3 FAs in inflammatory and neurological disorders, as well as on the bidirectional association between the molecular clock and \u03c9-3 FAs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T20:53:29Z","timestamp":1665608009000},"page":"12162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Non-Photic Zeitgebers and Circadian Clock Synchronizers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8958-6711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Checa-Ros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera\u2014CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Aston Institute of Health and Neurosciences, School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0148-891X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"D\u2019Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera\u2014CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Physiologic 24-hour periodicity; general and procedural considerations with reference to the adrenal cycle","volume":"10","author":"Halberg","year":"1959","journal-title":"Int. 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