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Fusarium and Verticillium are the primary pathogenic fungi that threaten both the quality and sustainable production of cotton. As an opportunistic pathogen, Fusarium causes various human diseases, including fungal keratitis, which is the most common. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study and clarify the resistance mechanisms of cotton and humans toward Fusarium in order to mitigate, or eliminate, its harm. Herein, we first discuss the resistance and susceptibility mechanisms of cotton to Fusarium and Verticillium wilt and classify associated genes based on their functions. We then outline the characteristics and pathogenicity of Fusarium and describe the multiple roles of human neutrophils in limiting hyphal growth. Finally, we comprehensively compare the similarities and differences between animal and plant resistance to Fusarium and put forward new insights into novel strategies for cotton disease resistance breeding and treatment of Fusarium infection in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T22:21:11Z","timestamp":1665699671000},"page":"12217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Defense Mechanisms of Cotton Fusarium and Verticillium Wilt and Comparison of Pathogenic Response in Cotton and Humans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mingwu","family":"Man","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1724-6704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaqian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5406-4200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinpei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuguang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China"},{"name":"Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maozhi","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572000, China"},{"name":"Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadi","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18054","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605389103","article-title":"Engineering cottonseed for use in human nutrition by tissue-specific reduction of toxic gossypol","volume":"103","author":"Sunilkumar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. 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