{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:48:08Z","timestamp":1787028488049,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]],"date-time":"2022-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18-34-00761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-34-00761"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20-015-00300 A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-015-00300 A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Being involved in development of Huntington\u2019s, Parkinson\u2019s and Alzheimer\u2019s diseases, kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan metabolism plays a significant role in modulation of neuropathology. Accumulation of a prooxidant 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HOK) leads to oxidative stress and neuronal cell apoptosis. Drosophila mutant cardinal (cd1) with 3-HOK excess shows age-dependent neurodegeneration and short-term memory impairments, thereby presenting a model for senile dementia. Although cd gene for phenoxazinone synthase (PHS) catalyzing 3-HOK dimerization has been presumed to harbor the cd1 mutation, its molecular nature remained obscure. Using next generation sequencing, we have shown that the cd gene in cd1 carries a long deletion leading to PHS active site destruction. Contrary to the wild type Canton-S (CS), cd1 males showed defective long-term memory (LTM) in conditioned courtship suppression paradigm (CCSP) at days 5\u201329 after eclosion. The number of dopaminergic neurons (DAN) regulating fly locomotor activity showed an age-dependent tendency to decrease in cd1 relative to CS. Thus, in accordance with the concept \u201cfrom the gene to behavior\u201d proclaimed by S. Benzer, we have shown that the aberrant PHS sequence in cd1 provokes drastic LTM impairments and DAN alterations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T02:29:46Z","timestamp":1665973786000},"page":"12356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["cd1 Mutation in Drosophila Affects Phenoxazinone Synthase Catalytic Site and Impairs Long-Term Memory"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2673-4283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandr V.","family":"Zhuravlev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polina N.","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ksenia A.","family":"Makaveeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, 191186 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gennadii A.","family":"Zakharov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPAM Systems Inc., 41 University Drive, Suite 202, Newtown, PA 18940, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1897-8392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina A.","family":"Nikitina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, 191186 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena V.","family":"Savvateeva-Popova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1094391","article-title":"Kynurenines as probable participants of depression","volume":"6","author":"Lapin","year":"1973","journal-title":"Pharmakopsychiatr. 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