{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T16:16:15Z","timestamp":1788365775641,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LQ21H150008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ21H150008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021440901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021440901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-I2M-5-028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-I2M-5-028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZY2019001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY2019001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017531","name":"Medical and Health Research Project of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LQ21H150008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ21H150008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017531","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017531","name":"Medical and Health Research Project of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021440901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021440901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017531","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017531","name":"Medical and Health Research Project of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-I2M-5-028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-I2M-5-028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017531","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017531","name":"Medical and Health Research Project of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZY2019001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY2019001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017531","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["LQ21H150008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ21H150008"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2021440901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021440901"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2019-I2M-5-028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-I2M-5-028"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["ZY2019001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY2019001"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Wenzhou","award":["LQ21H150008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ21H150008"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Wenzhou","award":["2021440901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021440901"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Wenzhou","award":["2019-I2M-5-028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-I2M-5-028"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Wenzhou","award":["ZY2019001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY2019001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ultraviolet irradiation, especially ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, increases the risks of various skin diseases, such as sunburn, photo-aging and cancer. However, few drugs are available to treat skin lesions. Therefore, the discovery of drugs to improve the health of irradiated skin is urgently needed. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic factor that plays an important role in the protection and repair of various types of pathological damage. The effects of FGF21 on skin injury caused by UVB-irradiation were the focus of this study. We found that UVB irradiation promoted the expression of FGF21 protein in mouse epidermal cells, and exogenous recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21) protected mouse skin tissue against UVB-induced injury. RhFGF21 inhibited the inflammatory responses and epidermal cell apoptosis as well as promotion of autophagy in UVB-irradiated mice. Moreover, we found that rhFGF21 protected HaCaT cells against UVB-induced apoptosis, and the protective effect was enhanced by treatment with an autophagy activator (rapamycin) but was inhibited by treatment with an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine, 3MA). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as a cellular energy sensor, regulates autophagy. RhFGF21 increased the expression of p-AMPK protein in epidermal cells irradiated with UVB in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, rhFGF21 increased autophagy levels and the viability were diminished by treatment with an AMPK inhibitor (compound C). RhFGF21 protects epidermal cells against UVB-induced apoptosis by inducing AMPK-mediated autophagy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T21:18:02Z","timestamp":1666127882000},"page":"12466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["RhFGF21 Protects Epidermal Cells against UVB-Induced Apoptosis through Activating AMPK-Mediated Autophagy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yeli","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang, Wenzhou 325000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiana","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Canol","family":"Bwalya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shasha","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China"},{"name":"Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1445","article-title":"Liquiritin suppresses UVBinduced skin injury through prevention of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis through the TLR4\/MyD88\/NFkappaB and MAPK\/caspase signaling pathways","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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