{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:35:16Z","timestamp":1790199316578,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/13\/B\/NZ5\/00273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/13\/B\/NZ5\/00273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/29\/N\/NZ5\/00940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/29\/N\/NZ5\/00940"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroc\u0142aw","award":["2014\/13\/B\/NZ5\/00273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/13\/B\/NZ5\/00273"]}]},{"name":"Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroc\u0142aw","award":["2018\/29\/N\/NZ5\/00940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/29\/N\/NZ5\/00940"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Proper embryo implantation depends on the tolerance of the maternal immune system to the fetus and its foreign paternal antigens. During implantation and early pregnancy, the dominant leukocytes in the uterus are uterine NK cells, expressing killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). KIRs recognize human leukocyte antigens (HLA-C) on the human trophoblast inherited from the father and mother. The antigenic peptides presented by the HLA are formed via their cleavage by endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases ERAP1 and ERAP2. The aim of this study was to assess the association of combined KIR genes and their HLA-C ligands, as well as ERAP1 and ERAP2 polymorphisms with recurrent implantation failure after in vitro fertilization (RIF). We tested 491 couples who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) and 322 fertile couples. Genotype CC rs27044 ERAP1 in female with a male\u2019s HLA-C1C1 or HLA-C1C2 protected from RIF (p\/pcorr. = 0.005\/0.044, OR = 0.343; p\/pcorr. = 0.003\/0.027, OR = 0.442, respectively). Genotype TT rs30187 ERAP1 in female with a male\u2019s HLA-C1C2 genotype increased the risk of RIF. Summarizing, in the combination of female ERAP1 and an HLA-C partner, the rs30187 C&gt;T and rs27044 C&gt;G polymorphisms play an important role in implantation failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T20:32:23Z","timestamp":1666211543000},"page":"12518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["ERAP\/HLA-C and KIR Genetic Profile in Couples with Recurrent Implantation Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Karolina","family":"Piekarska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9724-8517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Radwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Gameta Hospital, 95-030 Rzg\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Tarnowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Radwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Gameta Hospital, 95-030 Rzg\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2072-6533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek R.","family":"Wilczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Oncological Gynecology, Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, 93-513 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Malinowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Endoscopic and Oncologic Gynecology, Polish Mothers\u2019 Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"},{"name":"Medical Centre Gynemed, 93-346 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9127-1089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0414-2","article-title":"Recurrent Implantation Failure-update overview on etiology, diagnosis, treatment and future directions","volume":"16","author":"Bashiri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. 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