{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T21:37:31Z","timestamp":1788989851226,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21-74-20173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-74-20173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), along with minimal change disease (MCD), are diseases with primary podocyte damage that are clinically manifested by the nephrotic syndrome. The pathogenesis of these podocytopathies is still unknown, and therefore, the search for biomarkers of these diseases is ongoing. Our aim was to determine of the proteomic profile of urine from patients with FSGS and MCD. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of FSGS (n = 30) and MCD (n = 9) were recruited for the study. For a comprehensive assessment of the severity of FSGS a special index was introduced, which was calculated as follows: the first score was assigned depending on the level of eGFR, the second score\u2014depending on the proteinuria level, the third score\u2014resistance to steroid therapy. Patients with the sum of these scores of less than 3 were included in group 1, with 3 or more\u2014in group 2. The urinary proteome was analyzed using liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry. The proteome profiles of patients with severe progressive FSGS from group 2, mild FSGS from group 1 and MCD were compared. Results of the label free analysis were validated using targeted LC-MS based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with stable isotope labelled peptide standards (SIS) available for 47 of the 76 proteins identified as differentiating between at least one pair of groups. Quantitative MRM SIS validation measurements for these 47 proteins revealed 22 proteins with significant differences between at least one of the two group pairs and 14 proteins were validated for both comparisons. In addition, all of the 22 proteins validated by MRM SIS analysis showed the same direction of change as at the discovery stage with label-free LC-MS analysis, i.e., up or down regulation in MCD and FSGS1 against FSGS2. Patients from the FSGS group 2 showed a significantly different profile from both FSGS group 1 and MCD. Among the 47 significantly differentiating proteins, the most significant were apolipoprotein A-IV, hemopexin, vitronectin, gelsolin, components of the complement system (C4b, factors B and I), retinol- and vitamin D-binding proteins. Patients with mild form of FSGS and MCD showed lower levels of Cystatin C, gelsolin and complement factor I.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T22:49:46Z","timestamp":1666306186000},"page":"12607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Potential Urine Proteomic Biomarkers for Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and Minimal Change Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Natalia V.","family":"Chebotareva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubezkaya, 8, 119048 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anatoliy","family":"Vinogradov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander G.","family":"Brzhozovskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Problems\u2014Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoe Shosse, 76A, 123007 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9646-7275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria N.","family":"Kashirina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Problems\u2014Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoe Shosse, 76A, 123007 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8177-7449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria I.","family":"Indeykina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Science, Kosygina Str., 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1515-9447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna E.","family":"Bugrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Science, Kosygina Str., 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5923-1837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Lebedeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubezkaya, 8, 119048 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Moiseev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubezkaya, 8, 119048 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgeny N.","family":"Nikolaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2238-3458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey S.","family":"Kononikhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70257-X","article-title":"Absence of hypoalbuminemia despite massive proteinuria in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis secondary to hyperfiltration","volume":"33","author":"Praga","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. 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