{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T05:20:37Z","timestamp":1773984037052,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304356\/2018-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304356\/2018-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"BRDE-PUCPR (Banco regional de Desenvolvimento do Extremo Sul)","award":["304356\/2018-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304356\/2018-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The inflammasome complex is a key part of chronic diseases and acute infections, being responsible for cytokine release and cell death mechanism regulation. The SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by a dysregulated cytokine release. In this context, the inflammasome complex analysis within SARS-CoV-2 infection may prove beneficial to understand the disease\u2019s mechanisms. Post-mortem minimally invasive autopsies were performed in patients who died from COVID-19 (n = 24), and lung samples were compared to a patient control group (n = 11) and an Influenza A virus H1N1 subtype group from the 2009 pandemics (n = 10). Histological analysis was performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed using monoclonal antibodies against targets: ACE2, TLR4, NF-\u03baB, NLRP-3 (or NALP), IL-1\u03b2, IL-18, ASC, CASP1, CASP9, GSDMD, NOX4, TNF-\u03b1. Data obtained from digital analysis underwent appropriate statistical tests. IHC analysis showed biomarkers that indicate inflammasome activation (ACE2; NF-\u03baB; NOX4; ASC) were significantly increased in the COVID-19 group (p &lt; 0.05 for all) and biomarkers that indicate cell pyroptosis and inflammasome derived cytokines such as IL-18 (p &lt; 0.005) and CASP1 were greatly increased (p &lt; 0.0001) even when compared to the H1N1 group. We propose that the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis is connected to the inflammasome complex activation. Further studies are still warranted to elucidate the pathophysiology of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T20:37:58Z","timestamp":1666903078000},"page":"13033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Lung Inflammasome Activation in SARS-CoV-2 Post-Mortem Biopsies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3391-9913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Baena Carstens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1 (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raissa","family":"Campos D\u2019amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1 (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil"},{"name":"Hospital Marcelino Champagnat, Av. Presidente Affonso Camargo, 1399-Cristo Rei, Curitiba 80050-370, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Fernandes de Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1 (PUCPR), R. 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