{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:49:48Z","timestamp":1784832588871,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Padova","award":["DOR1615309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOR1615309"]}]},{"name":"University of Padova","award":["DOR1784408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOR1784408"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the effects of bactericidal\/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) alone or in combination with hyaluronic acid (HA) in two animal models: collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and crystal-induced inflammation. In CIA, mice were intraperitoneally injected with PBS, HA, or BPI plus or minus HA, twice a week for 2 months, and then euthanized to collect paw and blood. Arthritis was assessed in ankle joints by clinical and histological evaluation. Pathogenic crystals were intraperitoneally injected in mice plus or minus BPI, or with a composition of BPI and HA. After sacrifice, total and differential leukocyte counts were determined. Cytokine levels were measured in serum and peritoneal fluids. In CIA mice, BPI improved clinical and histological outcomes (histological scores \u22652-fold), and downregulated inflammatory mediators (47\u201393%). In crystal-induced inflammation, BPI reduced leukocyte infiltration (total count: \u226560%; polymorphonuclear cells: \u226536%) and inhibited cytokine production (35\u201374%). In both models, when mice were co-treated with BPI and HA, the improvement of all parameters was greater than that observed after administration of the two substances alone. Results show that BPI attenuates CIA and inflammation in mice, and this effect is enhanced by HA co-administration. Combined use of BPI and HA represents an interesting perspective for new potential treatments in arthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T04:57:34Z","timestamp":1667105854000},"page":"13066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Bactericidal\/Permeability-Increasing Protein Downregulates the Inflammatory Response in In Vivo Models of Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6497-5374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Scanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neuroscience\u2014DNS, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Luisetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology\u2014DISCOG, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4958-5105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Oliviero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine\u2014DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3245-2322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Galuppini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine\u2014DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanni","family":"Lazzarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine\u2014DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianmaria","family":"Pennelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine\u2014DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0361-4898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Masiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neuroscience\u2014DNS, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Punzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Gout and Metabolic Bone and Joint Diseases, Rheumatology, SS Giovanni and Paolo Hospital, 30122 Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60826-4","article-title":"Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"376","author":"Scott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)89546-0","article-title":"Crystal-Induced Arthritis: An Overview","volume":"100","author":"Schumacher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. 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