{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T00:01:20Z","timestamp":1778976080588,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epigenetic changes in stroke may revolutionize cell-based therapies aimed at reducing ischemic stroke risk and damage. Epigenetic changes are a novel therapeutic target due to their specificity and potential for reversal. Possible targets for epigenetic modification include DNA methylation and demethylation, post-translational histone modification, and the actions of non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs. Many of these epigenetic modifications have been reported to modulate atherosclerosis development and progression, ultimately contributing to stroke pathogenesis. Furthermore, epigenetics may play a major role in inflammatory responses following stroke. Stem cells for stroke have demonstrated safety in clinical trials for stroke and show therapeutic benefit in pre-clinical studies. The efficacy of these cell-based interventions may be amplified with adjunctive epigenetic modifications. This review advances the role of epigenetics in atherosclerosis and inflammation in the context of stroke, followed by a discussion on current stem cell studies modulating epigenetics to ameliorate stroke damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T04:57:34Z","timestamp":1667105854000},"page":"13106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Minor Changes for a Major Impact: A Review of Epigenetic Modifications in Cell-Based Therapies for Stroke"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Molly","family":"Monsour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33602, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9161-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonah","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33602, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5016-209X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin","family":"Lockard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33602, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Alayli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33602, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bassel","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33602, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33602, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2966-9782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar V.","family":"Borlongan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000416","article-title":"Stroke Epidemiology and Risk Factor Management","volume":"23","author":"Guzik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contin. 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