{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:06:52Z","timestamp":1789434412591,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"French Blood Establishment (EFS)"},{"name":"Association \u201cLes Amis de R\u00e9mi\u201d Savigneux, France"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third leading cardiovascular cause of death and is conventionally treated with anticoagulants that directly antagonize coagulation. However, recent data have demonstrated that also platelets play a crucial role in VTE pathophysiology. In the current review, we outline how platelets are involved during all stages of experimental venous thrombosis. Platelets mediate initiation of the disease by attaching to the vessel wall upon which they mediate leukocyte recruitment. This process is referred to as immunothrombosis, and within this novel concept inflammatory cells such as leukocytes and platelets directly drive the progression of VTE. In addition to their involvement in immunothrombosis, activated platelets can directly drive venous thrombosis by supporting coagulation and secreting procoagulant factors. Furthermore, fibrinolysis and vessel resolution are (partly) mediated by platelets. Finally, we summarize how conventional antiplatelet therapy can prevent experimental venous thrombosis and impacts (recurrent) VTE in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T07:26:50Z","timestamp":1667114810000},"page":"13176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Immunothrombosis and the Role of Platelets in Venous Thromboembolic Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5788-6653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Heestermans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1059, SAINBIOSE, Jean Monnet University, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France"},{"name":"French Blood Establishment (EFS) Auvergne Rh\u00f4ne Alpes-Scientific Department, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8020-9215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e9raldine","family":"Poenou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Vasculaire et Th\u00e9rapeutique (Department of Vascular and Therapeutic Medicine), CHU de St-Etienne (St-Etienne University Hospital), F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5654-4320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Claire","family":"Duchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1059, SAINBIOSE, Jean Monnet University, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France"},{"name":"French Blood Establishment (EFS) Auvergne Rh\u00f4ne Alpes-Scientific Department, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1462-3893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hind","family":"Hamzeh-Cognasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1059, SAINBIOSE, Jean Monnet University, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8214-3010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Bertoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1059, SAINBIOSE, Jean Monnet University, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France"},{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Vasculaire et Th\u00e9rapeutique (Department of Vascular and Therapeutic Medicine), CHU de St-Etienne (St-Etienne University Hospital), F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France"},{"name":"INSERM, CIC-1408, CHU Saint-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Cognasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1059, SAINBIOSE, Jean Monnet University, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France"},{"name":"French Blood Establishment (EFS) Auvergne Rh\u00f4ne Alpes-Scientific Department, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02175-9","article-title":"Platelets","volume":"355","author":"George","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0110-0","article-title":"Platelet biology and functions: New concepts and clinical perspectives","volume":"16","author":"Heemskerk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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