{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T12:05:15Z","timestamp":1774440315143,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Center, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/15\/B\/NZ5\/O3572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/15\/B\/NZ5\/O3572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Center, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["010\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["010\/RID\/2018\/19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/15\/B\/NZ5\/O3572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/15\/B\/NZ5\/O3572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["010\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["010\/RID\/2018\/19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Disturbances in uterine contractile activity contribute to the development of inflammation, and recent evidence indicates that tachykinins, including substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), are involved in controlling uterine function. Here, we determined the effect of Escherichia coli (E. coli)-induced inflammation on expression of protein receptor subtypes for substance P (NK1R) and neurokinin A (NK2R) in the pig myometrium as well as their role in contractility of inflamed uterus. The severe acute endometritis developed in the E. coli group and the expression of NK1R and NK2R proteins increased in the myometrium. Compared to the pre-administration period, SP (10\u22126 M) reduced the amplitude and frequency in the myometrium of the E. coli group and the amplitude was higher and the frequency was lower versus other groups. NKA reduced the amplitude and increased the frequency in endometrium\/myometrium of the E. coli group. In this group, the amplitude was lower and the frequency was higher than in the CON and SAL groups. Our research showed that NK2R (10\u22126 M) antagonist application abolished the NKA inhibitory effect on uterine amplitude. The application of the NK1R (10\u22125 M) antagonist together with SP revealed that the inhibitory effect of SP on uterine contractility is achieved independently of the NKR1. Additionally, taking into account the fact that NKA shows an inhibitory effect with the use of NK2R on uterine amplitude suggests the possibility of therapeutic use of the antagonist as a drug increasing uterine contractility in inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T07:26:50Z","timestamp":1667114810000},"page":"13184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Substance P and Neurokinin A on the Contractile Activity of Inflamed Porcine Uterus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7233-4187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Brzozowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Romaniewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Ca\u0142ka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Jana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-009-0929-1","article-title":"Endometritis in gilts: Reproductive data, bacterial culture, histopathology, and infiltration of immune cells in the endometrium","volume":"19","author":"Tummaruk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comp. 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