{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:23:14Z","timestamp":1789068194233,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leber\u2019s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) is the most common primary mitochondrial DNA disorder. It is characterized by bilateral severe central subacute vision loss due to specific loss of Retinal Ganglion Cells and their axons. Historically, treatment options have been quite limited, but ongoing clinical trials show promise, with significant advances being made in the testing of free radical scavengers and gene therapy. In this review, we summarize management strategies and rational of treatment based on current insights from molecular research. This includes preventative recommendations for unaffected genetic carriers, current medical and supportive treatments for those affected, and emerging evidence for future potential therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T07:26:50Z","timestamp":1667114810000},"page":"13205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Solutions to a Radical Problem: Overview of Current and Future Treatment Strategies in Leber\u2019s Hereditary Opic Neuropathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9677-075X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Spiegel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo A.","family":"Sadun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jules Stein and Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1086\/346066","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy in the North East of England","volume":"72","author":"Man","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. 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