{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T01:51:26Z","timestamp":1785894686724,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG6F0413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG6F0413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) frequently leads to end-stage renal disease and other life-threatening illnesses. The dysregulation of glomerular cell types, including mesangial cells, endothelial cells, and podocytes, appears to play a vital role in the development of DKD. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) exhibit immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties through the depletion of L-arginine that is required by T cells, through generation of oxidative stress, interference with T-cell recruitment and viability, proliferation of regulatory T cells, and through the promotion of pro-tumorigenic functions. Under hyperglycemic conditions, mouse mesangial cells reportedly produce higher levels of fibronectin and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the number of MDSCs is noticeably decreased, weakening inhibitory immune activities, and creating an inflammatory environment. In diabetic mice, immunotherapy with MDSCs that were induced by a combination of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, and IL-6, reduced kidney to body weight ratio, fibronectin expression, and fibronectin accumulation in renal glomeruli, thus ameliorating DKD. In conclusion, MDSCs exhibit anti-inflammatory activities that help improve renal fibrosis in diabetic mice. The therapeutic targeting of the proliferative or immunomodulatory pathways of MDSCs may represent an alternative immunotherapeutic strategy for DKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T06:42:17Z","timestamp":1667371337000},"page":"13263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Immune Modulation by Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Diabetic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ching-Chuan","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 261363, Taiwan"},{"name":"Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 261363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Chih","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 261363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yung-Chien","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 261363, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 261363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5710-8405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Liang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 261363, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 261363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000093239.32602.04","article-title":"Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients with Diabetes and End-Stage Renal Disease","volume":"15","author":"Locatelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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