{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T20:06:53Z","timestamp":1776197213109,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China","award":["2014CB965102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014CB965102"]}]},{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China","award":["31571407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31571407"]}]},{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China","award":["17105319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17105319"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["2014CB965102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014CB965102"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["31571407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31571407"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["17105319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17105319"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Research Grant Council General Research Fund","award":["2014CB965102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014CB965102"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Research Grant Council General Research Fund","award":["31571407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31571407"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Research Grant Council General Research Fund","award":["17105319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17105319"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiac shock wave therapy (CSWT) is a novel therapeutic procedure for patients with angina that is refractory to conventional therapy. We investigated the potential mechanism and therapeutic efficacy of non-R-wave-triggered CSWT to attenuate myocardial dysfunction in a large animal model of hypertensive cardiomyopathy. Sustained elevated blood pressure (BP) was induced in adult pigs using a combination of angiotensin-II and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA). Two sessions of non-R-wave-triggered CSWT were performed at 11 and 16 weeks. At 10 weeks, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LV posterior wall thickness and intraventricular septum thickness significantly increased in both the hypertension and CSWT groups. At 20 weeks, +dP\/dt and end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) decreased significantly in the hypertension group but not the CSWT group, as compared with week 10. A significant improvement in end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (EDPVR) was observed in the CSWT group. The CSWT group exhibited significantly increased microvascular density and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the myocardium. Cytokine array demonstrated that the CSWT group had significantly reduced inflammation compared with the hypertension group. Our results demonstrate that non-R-wave-triggered CSWT is safe and can attenuate LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction via enhancement of myocardial neovascularization and anti-inflammatory effect in a large animal model of hypertensive cardiomyopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T06:01:28Z","timestamp":1667282488000},"page":"13274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Attenuation of Myocardial Dysfunction in Hypertensive Cardiomyopathy Using Non-R-Wave-Synchronized Cardiac Shock Wave Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1105-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2193-7543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Si-Jia","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9601-9184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Hao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7119-0177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Belau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Storz Medical AG, 8274 T\u00e4gerwilen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Storz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Storz Medical AG, 8274 T\u00e4gerwilen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1973-9545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Song-Yan","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Hong Kong-Guangdong Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong and Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China"},{"name":"Center for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung-Fat","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Hong Kong-Guangdong Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong and Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China"},{"name":"Center for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Cardiac and Vascular Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318172","article-title":"Epidemiology of Heart Failure: A Contemporary Perspective","volume":"128","author":"Roger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ. 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