{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T13:25:02Z","timestamp":1788441902509,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]],"date-time":"2022-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bayer\u00ae AG","award":["491094227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["491094227"]}]},{"name":"Gesellschaft der Freunde der Tier\u00e4rztlichen Hochschule Hannover e.V.","award":["491094227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["491094227"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["491094227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["491094227"]}]},{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation","award":["491094227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["491094227"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An altered oxytocin and progesterone receptor (OXTR and PGR, respectively) expression was postulated in canine uterine inertia (UI), which is the lack of functional myometrial contractions. OXTR and PGR expressions were compared in uterine tissue obtained during C-section due to primary UI (PUI; n = 12) and obstructive dystocia (OD, n = 8). In PUI, the influence of litter size was studied (small\/normal\/large litter: PUI-S\/N\/L: n = 5\/4\/3). Staining intensity in immunohistochemistry was scored for the longitudinal and circular myometrial layer and summarized per dog (IP-Myoscore). Mean P4 did not differ significantly between PUI (n = 9) and OD (n = 7). OXTR and PGR expressions (ratios) were significantly higher in PUI (OXTR: p = 0.0019; PGR: p = 0.0339), also for OXTR in PUI-N versus OD (p = 0.0034). A trend for a higher PGR IP-Myoscore was identified (PUI-N vs. OD, p = 0.0626) as well as an influence of litter size (lowest PGR-Myoscore in PUI-L, p = 0.0391). In conclusion, PUI was not related to higher P4, but potentially increased PGR availability compared to OD. It remains to be clarified whether OXTR is upregulated in PUI due to a counterregulatory mechanism to overcome myometrial quiescence or downregulated in OD due to physiological slow OXTR desensitization associated with an advanced duration of labor. Identified OXTR differences between myometrial layers indicate the need for further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T10:53:06Z","timestamp":1667904786000},"page":"13601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Involvement of Oxytocin and Progesterone Receptor Expression in the Etiology of Canine Uterine Inertia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Carolin","family":"Jungmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Unit, Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline Gauguin","family":"Houghton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik Goth","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6694-3851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva-Maria","family":"Packeiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Unit, Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"K\u00f6rber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Unit, Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris M.","family":"Reichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0939-2859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orsolya","family":"Balogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4327-9780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Goericke-Pesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Unit, Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1994.tb03863.x","article-title":"Dystocia in the bitch: A retrospective study of 182 cases","volume":"35","author":"Darvelid","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. 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