{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:41:23Z","timestamp":1760244083702,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), which include Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis (HT) and Graves\u2019 disease (GD), have a higher prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the literature. The effects of AITD-associated cytokines on SARS-CoV-2 infection-mediating molecule levels might be involved in the pathogenesis of susceptibility. We speculated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) might attenuate this process since H2S has antiviral effects. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that angiotensin-converting enzyme-II (ACE2) expression was higher in the HT group and neuropilin 1 (NRP1) expression was higher in HT and GD groups than in the normal group, while transmembrane protease serine type 2 (TMPRSS2) expression was lower in HT and GD groups. When culturing primary thyrocytes with cytokines or sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) plus cytokines, we found that ACE2 and NRP1 mRNA levels were upregulated while TMPRSS2 levels were downregulated by interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1). After pretreatment with NaHS in thyrocytes, ACE2 and NRP1 expression were downregulated compared to IFN-\u03b3 or TNF-\u03b1 treatment, and NaHS had no effect on TMPRSS2 expression. Our findings suggested that IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1, which are elevated in AITDs, promoted ACE2 and NRP1 expression and inhibited TMPRSS2 expression. H2S might protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection by downregulating ACE2 and NRP1 levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T10:53:06Z","timestamp":1667904786000},"page":"13624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Expression Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Mediating Molecules Promoted by Interferon-\u03b3 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 Are Downregulated by Hydrogen Sulfide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yedi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enmin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiancheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiechuan","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2180-5","article-title":"Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor","volume":"581","author":"Lan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd3072","article-title":"Neuropilin-1 is a host factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"370","author":"Daly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd2985","article-title":"Neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and infectivity","volume":"370","author":"Ojha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.042","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract","volume":"182","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25755","article-title":"A report of clinical diagnosis and treatment of nine cases of coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"92","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03874-z","article-title":"The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19","volume":"39","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.04.002","article-title":"Clinical Features of COVID-19-Related Liver Functional Abnormality","volume":"18","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.04.001","article-title":"COVID-19 and Kidney Failure in the Acute Care Setting: Our Experience from Seattle","volume":"76","author":"Durvasula","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.0950","article-title":"Association of Cardiac Injury with Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China","volume":"5","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1017","article-title":"Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"5","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.03.065","article-title":"Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples from a Hong Kong Cohort: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"159","author":"Cheung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chilamakuri, R., and Agarwal, S. (2021). COVID-19: Characteristics and Therapeutics. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10020206"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C244","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00187.2020","article-title":"H2S as a potential defense against COVID-19?","volume":"319","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103183","article-title":"Thyroid autoimmunity and SARS-CoV-2 infection: Report of a large Italian series","volume":"21","author":"Fallahi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.016","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid disorders","volume":"14","author":"Antonelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979167","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/979167","article-title":"Immune disorders in Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis: What do we know so far?","volume":"2015","author":"Pyzik","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/nri750","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid disease: New models of cell death in autoimmunity","volume":"2","author":"Stassi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1991.tb05589.x","article-title":"Spatial correlation between thyroid epithelial cells expressing class II MHC molecules and interferon-gamma-containing lymphocytes in human thyroid autoimmune disease","volume":"83","author":"Hamilton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(99)00156-X","article-title":"The pattern of a T(H)1 cytokine in autoimmune thyroiditis","volume":"71","author":"Drugarin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3290","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830271228","article-title":"Single-cell analysis of intrathyroidal lymphocytes shows differential cytokine expression in Hashimoto\u2019s and Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"27","author":"Catalfamo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1430197","article-title":"Serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in Graves\u2019 disease: Effect of treatment, thyroid function, ophthalmopathy and cigarette smoking","volume":"143","author":"Salvi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02807-w","article-title":"Modulation of ACE-2 mRNA by inflammatory cytokines in human thyroid cells: A pilot study","volume":"74","author":"Coperchini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coperchini, F., Greco, A., Denegri, M., Ripepi, F.A., Grillini, B., Bertini, J., Cali, B., Villani, L., Magri, F., and Croce, L. (2022). Vitamin D and interferon-gamma co-operate to increase the ACE-2 receptor expression in primary cultures of human thyroid cells. J. Endocrinol. Investig.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01857-9"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11844","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102454","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction-induced cellular senescence and apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells by upregulating sirtuin 1","volume":"11","author":"Guan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7195","article-title":"Sulfhydrated Sirtuin-1 Increasing Its Deacetylation Activity Is an Essential Epigenetics Mechanism of Anti-Atherogenesis by Hydrogen Sulfide","volume":"30","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2020-0074","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine as a potential treatment for COVID-19","volume":"15","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7866992","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7866992","article-title":"The Antiviral Roles of Hydrogen Sulfide by Blocking the Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and Its Potential Cell Surface Receptors","volume":"2021","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4931","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15230","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and antiviral roles of hydrogen sulfide: Rationale for considering H2 S donors in COVID-19 therapy","volume":"177","author":"Citi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pozzi, G., Masselli, E., Gobbi, G., Mirandola, P., Taborda-Barata, L., Ampollini, L., Carbognani, P., Micheloni, C., Corazza, F., and Galli, D. (2021). Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits TMPRSS2 in Human Airway Epithelial Cells: Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9091273"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"788","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid disease: Further developments in our understanding","volume":"15","author":"Weetman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2020.0881","article-title":"Does Age or Sex Relate to Severity or Treatment Prognosis in Graves\u2019 Disease?","volume":"31","author":"Suzuki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01949","article-title":"Overview of Immune Response during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lessons from the Past","volume":"11","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2021.100794","article-title":"An update on drugs with therapeutic potential for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) treatment","volume":"59","author":"Drozdzal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updat."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.004","article-title":"Type 2 inflammation modulates ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in airway epithelial cells","volume":"146","author":"Kimura","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2020.155353","article-title":"Serum interferon levels associated with the disease activity in women with overt Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"138","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-726.x","article-title":"Expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA and protein in pathological thyroid tissue and carcinoma cell lines","volume":"105","author":"Aust","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"456","article-title":"Detection of in vivo production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha by human thyroid epithelial cells","volume":"75","author":"Zheng","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc6027","article-title":"Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients","volume":"369","author":"Hadjadj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.09.009","article-title":"Compartmental immunophenotyping in COVID-19 ARDS: A case series","volume":"147","author":"Ronit","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2011.10.021","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide-linked sulfhydration of NF-kappaB mediates its antiapoptotic actions","volume":"45","author":"Sen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2016.06.005","article-title":"Stimulatory effect of CSE-generated H2S on hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis and the underlying mechanisms","volume":"58","author":"Untereiner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5557","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00264-15","article-title":"Role of hydrogen sulfide in paramyxovirus infections","volume":"89","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001562","article-title":"Serum Hydrogen Sulfide and Outcome Association in Pneumonia by the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus","volume":"54","author":"Renieris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Graves, S. (2019). Death by Chocolate Frosted Doughnut, Kensington."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1080\/10641963.2017.1313847","article-title":"Early short-term treatment with exogenous hydrogen sulfide postpones the transition from prehypertension to hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rat","volume":"40","author":"Tain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Hypertens"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.067363","article-title":"The role of endogenous H2S formation in reversible remodeling of lung tissue during hibernation in the Syrian hamster","volume":"215","author":"Talaei","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40885-020-00147-x","article-title":"The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 are distinctly different paradigms","volume":"26","author":"McLachlan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Hypertens"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30116-8","article-title":"Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection?","volume":"8","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6878","article-title":"The possible role of hydrogen sulfide as an endogenous smooth muscle relaxant in synergy with nitric oxide","volume":"237","author":"Hosoki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H474","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00013.2002","article-title":"H(2)S-induced vasorelaxation and underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms","volume":"283","author":"Zhao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13829","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1105121108","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide replacement therapy protects the vascular endothelium in hyperglycemia by preserving mitochondrial function","volume":"108","author":"Suzuki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0483","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide improves wound healing via restoration of endothelial progenitor cell functions and activation of angiopoietin-1 in type 2 diabetes","volume":"63","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-012-1435-3","article-title":"Exogenous hydrogen sulfide attenuates diabetic myocardial injury through cardiac mitochondrial protection","volume":"371","author":"Zhong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12077","article-title":"Crosstalk between hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide in endothelial cells","volume":"17","author":"Altaany","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.179333","article-title":"Role of hydrogen sulfide in the development of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E knockout mice","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690919","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.690919","article-title":"Central Administration of Hydrogen Sulfide Donor NaHS Reduces Iba1-Positive Cells in the PVN and Attenuates Rodent Angiotensin II Hypertension","volume":"15","author":"Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ra72","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2000464","article-title":"H2S signals through protein S-sulfhydration","volume":"2","author":"Mustafa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Signal"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2018.06.006","article-title":"Unidirectional transport of IgG by neonatal Fc receptor in human thyrocytes varies across different IgG subclasses","volume":"477","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838248","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.838248","article-title":"Hydrogen Sulfide Promotes Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Secretion by Upregulating Sirtuin-1","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108636","article-title":"Diversity of complement activation in different thyroid diseases","volume":"106","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2015.2176","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide attenuates cytokine production through the modulation of chromatin remodeling","volume":"35","author":"Rios","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00557-2","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates chronic renal failure in rats by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation through ROS\/MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.3181\/0904-RM-137","article-title":"NF-kappaB independent activation of a series of proinflammatory genes by hydrogen sulfide","volume":"234","author":"Stuhlmeier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood)"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2022.113341","article-title":"HA-ADT suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via apoptosis promotion and autophagy inhibition","volume":"420","author":"Duan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102484","article-title":"Sulfanegen stimulates 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase activity and ameliorates Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology and oxidative stress in vivo","volume":"57","author":"Rao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175265","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide donor GYY4137 attenuates vascular complications in mesenteric bed of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"933","author":"Alshahwan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/21\/13624\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:11:47Z","timestamp":1760145107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/21\/13624"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms232113624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232113624","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1422-0067"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]}}}