{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T19:17:39Z","timestamp":1772133459080,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31870389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31870389"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21NYYF0015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21NYYF0015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZSK2017002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZSK2017002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["31870389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31870389"]}]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["21NYYF0015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21NYYF0015"]}]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["ZSK2017002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZSK2017002"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education","award":["31870389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31870389"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education","award":["21NYYF0015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21NYYF0015"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education","award":["ZSK2017002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZSK2017002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The longevity phenomenon is entirely controlled by the insulin signaling pathway (IIS-pathway). Both vertebrates and invertebrates have IIS-pathways that are comparable to one another, though no one has previously described de novo transcriptome assembly of IIS-pathway-associated genes in termites. In this research, we analyzed the transcriptomes of both reproductive (primary kings \u201cPK\u201d and queens \u201cPQ\u201d, secondary worker reproductive kings \u201cSWRK\u201d and queens \u201cSWRQ\u201d) and non-reproductive (male \u201cWM\u201d and female \u201cWF\u201d workers) castes of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes chinensis. The goal was to identify the genes responsible for longevity in the reproductive and non-reproductive castes. Through transcriptome analysis, we annotated 103,589,264 sequence reads and 184,436 (7G) unigenes were assembled, GC performance was measured at 43.02%, and 64,046 sequences were reported as CDs sequences. Of which 35 IIS-pathway-associated genes were identified, among 35 genes, we focused on the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (Pdk1), protein kinase B2 (akt2-a), tuberous sclerosis-2 (Tsc2), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (EIF4E) and ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) genes. Previously these genes (Pdk1, akt2-a,\u00a0mTOR, EIF4E, and RPS6) were investigated in various organisms, that regulate physiological effects, growth factors, protein translation, cell survival, proliferation, protein synthesis, cell metabolism and survival, autophagy, fecundity rate, egg size, and follicle number, although the critical reason for longevity is still unclear in the termite castes. However, based on transcriptome profiling, the IIS-pathway-associated genes could prolong the reproductive caste lifespan and health span. Therefore, the transcriptomic shreds of evidence related to IIS-pathway genes provide new insights into the maintenance and relationships between biomolecular homeostasis and remarkable longevity. Finally, we propose a strategy for future research to decrypt the hidden costs associated with termite aging in reproductive and non-reproductive castes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T10:53:06Z","timestamp":1667904786000},"page":"13660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["De Novo Transcriptome Assembly and Analysis of Longevity Genes Using Subterranean Termite (Reticulitermes chinensis) Castes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"family":"Haroon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229, North Taibai Rd., Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229, North Taibai Rd., Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen-Xu","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229, North Taibai Rd., Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229, North Taibai Rd., Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghulam","family":"Nabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31120 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Hong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229, North Taibai Rd., Xi\u2019an 710069, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4230-7815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lian-Xi","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229, North Taibai Rd., Xi\u2019an 710069, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Insulin action and the insulin signaling network","volume":"16","author":"Cheatham","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocr. 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